Question | Answer |
Proton | positively charged and found in nucleus |
Neutron | neutral or no charge and found in the nucleus |
Electron | negatively charged and located in electron cloud |
Atomic Number | Number of protons in nucleus of each atom of that element |
Periodic Table of Elements | Chart to organize and display known elements; in order by atomic number |
Group | Columns on periodic table;also known as “families”;Elements have similar chemical and physical properties & same number of valence electrons |
Metals | Shiny, good conductors, mostly solids, malleable (can be shaped) & ductile (can be drawn into wires), located on left and center of periodic table |
Chemical Symbol | One or two letter code that stands for the element on the periodic table |
Chemical Formula | Way of describing the elements and number of atoms that make up one molecule of a compound using symbols, subscripts, and coefficients |
Coefficient | Number placed in front of a formula to balance an equation |
Chemical Reaction | The process by which atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances |
Reactants | Starting substances in chemical reaction |
Products | Substances formed during a chemical reaction |
Law of Conservation of Mass | States that matter can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only change form |
Force | A push or a pull |
Speed | The distance traveled by an object in a given amount of time |
Velocity | The speed of an object and its direction of motion |
Acceleration | Change in speed or direction;Can be positive (speeding up) or negative (slowing down) |
Balanced Forces | Equal in size and opposite in direction;Do not cause a change in motion |
Unbalanced Forces | Always cause a change in motion;NOT equal in size or opposite in direction |
Newton’s First Law | An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force |
Newton’s Second Law | The greater the force applied to an object, the greater the acceleration; The smaller the mass of an object, the greater its acceleration when a force is applied; Force = Mass X Acceleration |
Newton’s Third Law | For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; Forces act in pairs |
Star | Huge object in space made up of gas and giving off light and heat from nuclear reactions |
Nuclear Fusion | nuclei of atoms are joined together, releasing energy that power stars like the sun |
Apparent Magnitude | Measures how bright objects appear to us, not how bright they actually are |
Absolute Magnitude | Measures the actual brightness of the object |
Galaxy | A large group or cluster of stars in the universe |
Comet | small body of rock, ice or cosmic dust; Give off gas and dust in the form of a tail as it passes close to the sun |
Asteroids | Objects of rock, metal and ice that orbit the sun; most found between Mars and Jupiter |
Electromagnetic Wave | made by vibrating electrons |
Light Year | distance that light can travel in one year; used to measure distances in space |