Question | Answer |
macro-level orientation | a broad focus on social structure that shape society as a whole |
4 themes of Forbidden Fruit | 1.ambivalence
2.sex is not rampant
3.religious involvement is not equal to religious influence
4.social context matters |
structure | any relatively stable pattern of social behavior |
church | a type of religious organization that is well integrated into the larger society |
ritual | a formal, ceremonial behavior |
ethnocentric | don't always realize we are in our own culture |
denomination | recognizes religious pluralism |
paradigm | accepted way of thinking |
subculture | cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society's population |
forms | variation of societal legitimacy; most-legit:church least-legit: cult ex: churches, sects, cults. |
2 perspectives of sociology | 1. seeing strange in familiar
2. seeing personal choice in social context |
sociological perspective | the systematic study of human society (individuals, groups, institutions, etc.); searching for general patterns in the behavior of particular people. |
religion | social institution involving beliefs and practices based on recognizing the sacred |
2 types of culture | 1. material
2. non-material |
culture shock | usually are quite aware when we are in different culture |
sect | religious organization that stands apart from religious society |
totems | religious symbols, usually reflecting the sacred |
profane | the ordinary and commonplace elements of life as distinguished |
family | social institution in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including children |
sex | biological distinctions and sex characteristics |
sexual orientation | romantic & emotional attraction to another person |
counterculture | cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society |
culture | the way of life among a people |
patrilocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the husband's family |
exogamy | marriage between people of different social categories |
endogamy | marriage between people of the same social category |
secularization | the historical decline in the importance of the super-natural and the sacred |
polytheism | belief in many gods |
monotheism | belief in a single divine power |
micro-level orientation | a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations |
neolocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives apart from both sets of parents |
matrilocal | a residential pattern in which a married couple lives with or near the wife's family |
socialization | process by which individuals learn social norms by ex: family, groups, organizations, media |
latent function | unintended function |
extended family | a family in which relatives live in the same home as parents and their children |
moral order | a sense of right & wrong |
cult | has a charismatic leader, message is highly outside of social norms; offensive-counter-culture |
sacred | elements beyond everyday life that inspire awe, respect, and even fear, reverence |
profane | included as an ordinary element or everyday life |
homosexual | low heterosexual but high homosexual attraction |
asexual | low heterosexual or homosexual attraction |
religion | institutionalized system or symbols beliefs, and values, and practices to interpret the sacred and ultimate meaning |
erotic | arousing sexual love or desire |
functionalism paradigm | society is a system of interdependent sub-systems; change is evolutionary in developmental ways; developed by Emile Durkheim |
bisexual | high heterosexual and high homosexual attraction |
heterosexual | high heterosexual but low homosexual attraction |
manifest function | intended function or outcome |
function | consequence of any social pattern, outcome of the structure |
symbolic interactionism paradigm | split into macro and micro; developed by Max Weber and Erving Goffman; society is produced by everyday interactions; symbols are negotiated, meanings assigned to set of symbols, change occurs within those societies when the interactions change |
available options | no public education means no schools; use resources around |
belief | part of culture; learn from family, friends ex:religion |
law | norm that has been codified by government ex:can't kill people |
norm | everyday societal things; socially accepted mode of behavior ex: standing in elevator facing forward |
sociology | the systematic study of human society |
conflict paradigm | developed by Karl Marx, social system maintained to benefit those in power, change is a product of conflict among groups |
nuclear family | type of family where married couple and their unmarried children live together |
cohabitation | the sharing of a household by an unmarried couple |
structural-functional approach | framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability |
social-conflict approach | framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change |
religiosity | the importance of religion in a person's life |
Confucianism | morals more important than self interest |
Judaism | believe they are God's chosen people, follow Old Testament and 10 Commandments |
Buddhism | nirvana, study teachings of Siddhartha Gautama |
Islam | God came to the world through the prophet Muhammad, who then put it in the Qur'an |
Hinduism | Universe is made of moral force, believes in dharma and karma |
Christianity | Jesus is the son of God |
egalitarian | believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve equal opportunities |
family | social institutions in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another including children |
family diversities | race, class, gender |
family functions | reproduce/make babies, raise children |
marginality | feeling like an outsider |
15, mom died when young, rebellious in teens, catholic household, sister brought her into faith, regrets losing virginity | Valerie |
17, parents are 2 diff. faiths(roman catholic/ortho), goes to ortho church, strong morals, virgin, but participates in oral sex with gf | Ben |
15, cheerleader, family doesn't attend church, Methodist household, goes to Baptist church with friends, values tolerance, references bible, sex with bf but its okay | Kristin |
16, African American, extremely religious claims, doesn't like Baptists, judges other religions, sex w/ friend, screw up; ask God for forgiveness | Jarrod |
17, arrested for marijuana, high religiosity, goes to Roman Catholic church, wishes he could escape religion, upset about not having sex recently | Justin |
17, close-knit family, not raised religiously, brought parents into faith, Evangelical Protestant, virgin, bf of 2 years | Carla |
subculture | cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a societies population |
counterculture | cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society |