Question | Answer |
Performative aspect of an utterance? | an utterance becomes an action as it infers performance of some sort "saying is doing" (example: (I claim) It's hot outside) |
Perlocutionary act | the effect on the listener |
Locutionary act | the act of speaking the words |
Propositional act | the truth value of the words |
Illocutionary act | the speaker’s intent |
Bates' Perlocutionary stage (0-8 months) | non-verbal communication from child; intention is inferred by the adult |
Bates' Illocutionary stage (8-12 months) | child attempts to communicate w/o words |
Bates' Locutionary stage | words are used |
Four points on early speech acts | 1. Social funtions- mutual attention/participation.
2. Development is supported by familiar contexts (e.g., routines).
3. Ability to produce speech acts grows rapidly between 8 and 24 months.
4. By 24 months the basics have been mastered |
The continuity hypothesis? | children’s first words express the same functions that were expressed nonverbally |
The same act can be formed in a variety of ways. | I need a pen.
Can I borrow your pen?
Do you have a pen? |
One utterance can convey many different acts. | That's just great. |
Speech act theory: | The same act can be formed in a variety of ways and one utterance can convey many different acts. |
Types of speech acts: | requesting action, protesting, requesting answer, labeling, answering, repeating, practicing and calling |
What are the two ways to communicate within the illocutionary stage? | protodeclarative and protoimperative |
Protodeclarative: | nonverbal communication stating fact |
Protoimperative: | nonverbal communication stating request |