Question | Answer |
What was the first computer, and who made it? | It was the ABC, and it was made by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. |
Who made ENIAC? | John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert |
What was ENIAC's purpose? | To calculate the trajectory of artillery shells in WWII. |
Who made the "Universal Machine"? | Alan Turing and John von Newman |
What two things did the "Universal Machine" use that are still used in computers today? | CPUs and Programs |
What is the machine language? | Binary |
What numbers does binary use? | 0s and 1s |
Who built the UNIVAC, and who used it? | It was built by Mauchly and Eckert, and it was used by the US Census Bureau. |
What were some disadvantages of First Generation Computers? | They used many vacuum tubes, which were large, and they were very expensive. |
What was an advantage of First Generation Computers? | They could perform up to 1,000 calculations per second. |
Who made the transistor? | William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brittain |
What were some advantages of the transistor? | It was smaller, less expensive, and could make 10,000 calculations per second. |
What was the first meduim-sized computer? | The Model 650 |
What were the advantages and disadvantages of the Model 650? | A disadvantage of the Model 650 was that it was expensive, but the advantages were that it was smaller and could handle lots of paperwork. |
What replaced punched cards? | Magnetic tape |
What were some advantages of magnetic tape? | It could read (access) and write (store) data quickly and reliably. |
What are the types of programming language? | FORTRAN, COBOL, and BASIC |
Who made COBOL? | Grace Murray Hopper |
Who made BASIC? | John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz |
What are Integrated Circuits (ICs)? | Silicon wafers with intricate circuits etched into their surfaces and coated with a metallic oxide that fills in the etched circuit patterns. |
Who created Microsoft? | Bill Gates |
Who made ICs? | Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce |
What was the first computer to use ICs? | The IBM System 360 |
What is a mainframe? | A large computer system usually used for multi-user applications. The IBM System 360 was one of the first mainframes |
Who invented the microprocessor? | Marcian Hoff in 1970 |
What was the first microcomputer? | Altair in 1975 |