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CB-GEN
Generation Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the first computer, and who made it? | It was the ABC, and it was made by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry. |
| Who made ENIAC? | John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert |
| What was ENIAC's purpose? | To calculate the trajectory of artillery shells in WWII. |
| Who made the "Universal Machine"? | Alan Turing and John von Newman |
| What two things did the "Universal Machine" use that are still used in computers today? | CPUs and Programs |
| What is the machine language? | Binary |
| What numbers does binary use? | 0s and 1s |
| Who built the UNIVAC, and who used it? | It was built by Mauchly and Eckert, and it was used by the US Census Bureau. |
| What were some disadvantages of First Generation Computers? | They used many vacuum tubes, which were large, and they were very expensive. |
| What was an advantage of First Generation Computers? | They could perform up to 1,000 calculations per second. |
| Who made the transistor? | William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brittain |
| What were some advantages of the transistor? | It was smaller, less expensive, and could make 10,000 calculations per second. |
| What was the first meduim-sized computer? | The Model 650 |
| What were the advantages and disadvantages of the Model 650? | A disadvantage of the Model 650 was that it was expensive, but the advantages were that it was smaller and could handle lots of paperwork. |
| What replaced punched cards? | Magnetic tape |
| What were some advantages of magnetic tape? | It could read (access) and write (store) data quickly and reliably. |
| What are the types of programming language? | FORTRAN, COBOL, and BASIC |
| Who made COBOL? | Grace Murray Hopper |
| Who made BASIC? | John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz |
| What are Integrated Circuits (ICs)? | Silicon wafers with intricate circuits etched into their surfaces and coated with a metallic oxide that fills in the etched circuit patterns. |
| Who created Microsoft? | Bill Gates |
| Who made ICs? | Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce |
| What was the first computer to use ICs? | The IBM System 360 |
| What is a mainframe? | A large computer system usually used for multi-user applications. The IBM System 360 was one of the first mainframes |
| Who invented the microprocessor? | Marcian Hoff in 1970 |
| What was the first microcomputer? | Altair in 1975 |
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SEB10
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