| Question |
Answer |
| collecting units of blood for transfusion | 16 gauge needle |
| Regular sticks | 21 gauge needle |
| Very small veins | 23 gauge needles |
| List the parts common to all needles: | Beveled point, shaft, hub |
| Using a 25 gauge needle with a 10ml evacuated tube may cause: | hemolysis |
| How does the anticoag in the green stopper tube work: | by inhibiting thrombin in the coag cascade |
| Name 3 anticoags that prevent clotting by binding calcium and the color coded stopper associated with them: | sodium citrate- light blue EDTA- lavendar Sodium citrate-black |
| What is the purpose of sodium flouride in a gray stopper tube: | Maintains glucose stability for 3 days |
| Why is EDTA the anticoag of choice for the CBC: | Maintains cellular integrity better that the other anticoag: inhibits platelet clumping- doesn't interfere with routine staining procedures |
| What color tube that must always be completely filled: | light blue |
| What is the purpose of tapping an evacuated tube containing dried anticoag before using it: | loosen the powder from the tube for better results |
| Which of the following tubes will clot first: red, gold, or orange | Orange |
| Under what circumstances should the amount of anticoag in a light blue stopper tube be decreased: | Collecting on patients with polycythemia or hematocrit reading less than 55% |
| Why are royal blue stopper tubes used for collecting trace metal analyses: | tubes are chemically cleaned and rubber stoppers are specially formulated to contain the lowest possible metal levels |
| When are winged infusion sets used in phlebtotomy: | very small veins- children and geriatrics |
| Syringes are graduated in: | mL and cc (milliliter/cubic centimeter) |
| When a blood pressure cuff is used as a tourniquet how should the pressure be adjusted: | below the systolic bp but above the diastolic bp |
| List 2 precautions a phlebotomist would take when collecting a blood specimen from a patient with a latex allergy: | use latex free tourniquet, gloves and bandages |
| List 2 antiseptics used in venipuncture and a state a situation when each is used: | 70% isopropyl alcohol- to prevent contamination by normal skin bacteria during specimen collection iodine/chlorhexidene gluconate- additional sterility for collections such as arterial punctures and blood cultures |
| Lavendar stopper tubes and Hemoguard closures | Anticoagulant- EDTA Purpose- chelates calcium Tests- CBC, ESR Inverted-x8 |
| Pink hemoguard tubes | Anticoag-EDTA Purpose-Blood banking Tests-T&C Inverted-x8 Section-Blood Bank |
| White hemoguard tubes | Anticoag-EDTA and seperation gel Purpose-molecular diagnostics, MI panels and ammonia Inverted-x8 |
| Light blue stopper tubes and hemoguard tubes | Anticoag- sodium citrate Purpose- Binds calcium Tests- PT, PTT Blood/liquid ratio-9:1 Inverted-x3-4 |
| Soybean trypsin inhibitor | also in light blue tube used for fibrin degredation products |
| Black stopper tubes | Anticoag- sodium citrate Purpose-Westergren sedimentation rate (automatic) blood/liquid ratio-4:1 |
| Green stopper tubes and hemoguard tubes | Anticoag- sodium heparin, ammonium heparin or lithium heparin Purpose- prevents clotting by inhibiting thrombin Tests- STAT lytes Interference-should not be used for hematology because it interferes with the Wrights stained blood smear |
| Light green Hemoguard/green & black stopper tubes | Anticoag-lithium heparin and separation gel Purpose-Plasma determinations in chemistry Tests- Potassium Inverted-x8 |
| Gray stopper tubes and hemoguard tubes | Anticoag-potassium oxilate, EDTA Additives-sodium flouride, lithium iodoacetate Purpose-glucose preservatives Tests: Glucose testing/blood alcohol levels |
| Why are blood aclohol levels drawn in gray tubes with sodium flouride | sodium flouride inhibits microbial growth which could produce alcohol as a metabolic end product |
| Royal blue stopper tubes | Anticoags: None, sodium heparin Chemically clean tubes stoppers containing the lowest level of metals Tests: toxicology trace metal analysis, nutritional analysis invert 8x |
| Tan hemogaurd tubes | Anticoag: (plastic) EDTA (glass) sodium heparin Tests: Lead levels invert 8x |
| Yellow stopper and hemoguard tubes | 2 types: 1) Additive- ACD (rbc preservative) Tests- HLA phenotyping, paternity testing 2) Sterile yellow tubes Additive: SPS Purpose: Inhibits action of complement, phagocytes and some antibiotics Tests: Blood culture |
| Yellow/gray stopper tubes Orange hemogaurd tubes | Additive: thrombin Purpose: results in faster clot formations (usually within 5 minutes) Tests: STAT serum chemistry and anticoag therapy |
| Red/gray stopper tubes Gold hemoguard tubes | SST tubes-thixotropic gel Additives- silica, glass particles and celite Tests: chemistry 30 minute clot time then centrifuge |
| Red stopper and hemoguard tubes | Glass- No additives Clot time is 60 minutes Tests: Blood bank, immunology, therauputic drug testing 2) Plastic- has silica for faster clotting |
| Order of the draw | 1) Yellow (Sterile specimens 2) Glass red 3)Lt. blue 4) Red plastic 5) red/gray gold 6) Green 7) Lt. green 8) Lavender 9) Gray 10) Yellow gray, orange |
| When should you use syringes? | On small, fragile veins |
| Why must you "pop" the syringe before using? | Push air in and out to let out the vacuum |
| When should you use winged infusion sets? | hand veins, peds and geriatrics, patients that move alot |
| What does a tourniquet do? | impedes venous flow, doesnt stop arterial flow |
| What is aseptic cleansing? | cleaning from the middle to the outside |
Ch.18 LTI-MA 509
