Question | Answer |
Ethics | The study of the moral values and conduct of an individual, group, or culture. |
Morality | The right or wrong of an action, decision, or way of living |
Socratic philosophy | The belief that knowledge is virtue and morality is the matter of true knowledge. |
The Forms | The essences of various objects or things (in Platonic thought) |
The Golden Mean | The desirable middle ethical course between two extremes |
Philosopher Kings | The hypothetical rulers of Plato's ideal city-state |
Stoicism | A school of philosophy that advocates control of ones passions and acceptance of one's destiny |
Epicureanism | A school of philosophy that sees achieving pleasure and peace of mind as the greatest good |
Skepticism | A school of philosophy that questions the certainty of human and calls for continued inquiry after truth |
Virtue Ethics | An ethical approach that stresses moral character in contrast to moral actions |
Hammurabi's Codes | One of the earliest legal codes, established by the king of Babylonia, offering guidelines for conduct and listing crimes and their various punishments |
Book of the Dead | An Egyptian text that described the proper conduct needed for a happy afterlife |
This text includes an ethical and theological framework for life, including the Ten Commandments. | The Torah |
The Sophists argued for a philosophy based on | self-interest |
Aristotle's ethics were founded on the | Golden Mean |
Aristotle's list of virtues: | includes Plato's four main virtues of Courage, Justice, Temperance and Wisdom |
Self-control and fortitude are a way of mastering destructive emotions, according to the ___________. | Stoics |
Natural law theory maintains that: | The world is inherently rational and there is a natural order to things. |
One problem with Divine Command Theory is that: | because it is arbitrary, it could allow for abhorrent commands |
Monotheistic religions believe in | one God |
The Catholic church relies on _____________ for standards of behavior: | canon law |
Eastern religions differ from Western religions because: | there often is no overseeing organized hierarchy |
Some religious people regard abortion as immoral largely because: | they believe it violates God's commandment against killing |
The Confucian guide to proper human behavior is called: | the Five Great Relationships |
The most sacred holy text for Islam is | The Qur'an |
The belief of many Eastern religions that our soul lives multiple lifetimes, being reborn after death, is called: | reincarnation |
Buddhism and Jainism share the belief that: | there is no God |
One of the world's oldest religions is | Hinduism |
Some religious groups see economic inequality as immoral because: | it runs counter to the Golden Rule and the divine notion of universal brotherhood and justice |
Divine Command Theory: | is the idea that morality is whatever God (or the gods) command. |
Three parts of the Theory of Natural Law | Everything in nature exists for a reason, How things are and how they ought to be, Acceptance of reason as God-Given and part of the Natural Law |
The Divine Command Theory | A system where God's will becomes the foundation of morality |
Natural Law | A system based on universal laws and principles found in the natural order from which the norms of all human behavior must be derived. |
Five Great Relationships | A Confusian guide to proper human behavior |
Mahayana Sutras | Buddhist sacred writings |
Reincarnation | The belief of many Eastern religions that our soul lives mulitple lifetimes, being reborn after death |
Qur'an | Islamic sacred writing |
Five Pillars | Islamic guide to proper human behavior |
Halakhah | Rabbinic religious law |
Sharia | Islamic religious law |
Monotheism | Religions that believe in one God |
The Ten Commandments | Divine moral imperatives given to the prophet Moses |
Under Social Contract Theory, rulers serve: | by the consent of the governed |
Social Contract Theory is based on: | the idea of reciprocity (Thomas Hobbs) |
Empiricism | is a philosophical doctrine that says all knowledge is derived from our senses.(John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume) |
Utilitarianism | Utilitarianism is the ethical theory constructed around the reasoning that the greatest good for the greatest number is the only criterion for creating morality. (Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill) |
Bentham's Hedonic Calculus | tried to establish utilitarian standards |
That metaphysical speculation held no validity was a position held by: | Auguste Comte, founder of the theory of positivism |
Social Contract Theory | A philosophical approach that establishes government a society's moral code by consent |