Question | Answer |
photosphere | 1st layer of suns atmosphere |
vent | opening of a volcano |
plate tectonics | the theory that continates drift on the lithosphere |
biosphere | zone of life extends from ocean floor to high atmosphere |
Equinox | noon sun overhead at the equator |
pangea | supercontinate; Alfred Wegener - came up with the
theory. Was whole 250 million years ago, 200 million years ago : Laurasia and Gondwanaland |
sea-floor spreading | mid ocean ridge is a huge crack running through the Atlantic Ocean. Lava is pushed upward creating new crust |
Eclips | planet passes between sun and another body causing a shadow |
umbra | shadow zone where light is completly blocked |
penumbra | partial shadow where some light is blocked |
monocline | one bend, one side of bend is higher that the other |
shear stress | the pushing of rocks in different horizontal directions |
tension | stretching or pulling apart of rocks |
compression | squeezing together of rocks |
tsunami | earthquake moves ocean floor move causing a big wave |
Lateral Fault | shear stress, little to no up and down movement |
Light year | distance light travles in 1 year |
syncline | downward buldge |
lithosphere | outer zone, cool and rigid |
seismic waves | durring an earthquake potential energy turns to kinetic energy |
anticline | fold produce upward buldge |
volcano | opening in crust that has released lava and molten rock |
asthenosphere | hot and semi liquid (earth) |
Moho | sudden increase in volosity of a seismic wave |
geologic time | the war to measure time for earth because it has been around so long |
weathering | rock is broken into smaller particals |
Erosion | small particals are taken away by wind water ice and gravity |
zenith | highest point of the sky |
deposition | building up of eroded particals / sedimates |
fossils | past organisms that have left evidence of existence in rock |
solstice | noon sun is overhead at the tropics |
crust | outermost layer of Earth |
mantle | middle layer of Earth |
Lava | magma that reaches earths surface |
Earth quake | movement of earth's crust occurs when plates shift and releases stored or potential energy |
Epicenter | Point on earths surface directly above focus |
core | center layer of earth |
control | factor that is the same in an experiment |
normal fault | hanging wall moves downward in relation to the footwall |
reverse fault | stress from compression hanging wall moves upward in relation to footwall |
composite volcanoes | contains alternate layers of volcanic debris and lava |
galaxy | collection of stars, nebulae, gases, dust and planets |
supernova | explosion of a star |
nebula | cloud of gas and dust where stars are boorn |
magnitude | the brightness of a star |
shild volcanoes | flat top runny lava |
cinder cone volcanoes | forms from explosivove eruptions |
Doppler Effect | the apparent change in wavelength due to objects movement |
latitude | Lat-fat same direction as equator |
Electromagnetic Spectrum | all types of electromatic wave energy from low to high frequency |
bioms | 6 major life zones |
crater | hollowed out area surrounding the vent |
comet | chunck of ice travles around sun, elliptical orbit |
orbit | The path a body follows as it revolves around another |
revolution | movement of one body around another |
solar system | earth and other planets |
parallax | the apparent change in the position of an object caused by change in position of the observer |
convection | the circular flow due to the heating and coolin in earths mantle |
asteroids | small irregular shaped solid bodies, revolve around sun |
corona | outer layer of suns atmosphere |
equator | equidistant from poles |
focus | area along a fault where rocks first bread and move where earthquake starts |
crater | circular indentation in the moon created by meteorites |
axis | the lene that extends through earth north and south pole |
rotation | spinnein of earth on its axis |
deformation | changes in the shape and structure of earths crust |
fault | fracture in the earths crust where movement has occured |
chromosphere | 2nd layer of suns atmosphere |
kilogram | SI unit of mass |
density | measure how much matter in a given volure |
meteor | the light resulting from entry of atmosphere - shooting star- |
meteoride | chunk of rock or metal smaller than asteroid |
meteorite | when a meteoroid does not completley burn up in atmosphere hitting earth |
Scientific Method | Steps:Observe, Hypothesis, Record, Analyze, Repeat |
Mesosphere/Mantle | Solid and rigid iron and magnesium; makes up 82 % volume and 68% of earths mass |
Outer Core | liquid, molten iron, source of magnetic field |
Inner Core | High pressure, high density, high temp. |
Time Zones | divides Earth into 24 time zones, each time zone is 15 degrees wide. Starts at the prime meridian @ Greenwich england. there are 4 time zones on continental U.S. Latest is Eastern Time, then central, then Mountain and Pacific time. |
What is the Latitude of the North Pole, Equator and South Pole | North pole - 90 degrees north, Equator 0 degrees Lat. and the South Pole is 90 degrees South Lat. |
Convergent Boundaries | where two plate boundaries collide |
divergent boundaries | where two plates move away from each other |
transformant boundaries | where two plates slide in opposite directions beside each other |
thrust fault | where the hanging wall rides up and over the footwall as a result of compression |
daughter theory | piece of Earth split off to form the moon |
sister theory | the Earth and the moon formed from gas and dust during the formation of the solar system |
Capture Theory | moon formed elsewhere and was captured by Earth's gravity as it passed |
Impact theory | Most accepted, large impact knocked a large quantity of material from Earth |
perigee | the moon's closest point to Earth |
apogee | the farthest point away from the earth the moon is |
What are the phases of the Moon? | New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing gibbous, Full moon, Waning gibbous, Last Quarter, Waning crescent |
Lunar Eclips | Sun - Earth - Moon |
Solar Elcips | Sun - Moon - Earth (only in certain places) |
Nuclear Fusion | sun's energy maker, hydrogen turns to helium, biproduct energy |
inertia | the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion until acted upon by an external force |
What are 3 things that prove continental drift | Fossil Evidence, rock evidence, Glacier evidence |
Isostasy | the balance of gravity and buoyancy in the earth's crust |
What's the difference between Richter scale and Mercalli scale? | Richter is more scientific - amt. of ground movement. Mercalli - more on visual effects of the quake |
Subduction | the process of one plate moving under another |
What are the 9 planets in order from sun out? | Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune ; My Very Energetic Mother Just Served Us Nachoes |
Maria | regions of bright and dark - broad flat plains on the moon |
Rilles | long narrow valleys - on the moon |
highlands | mountainous terrain on the surface |
core of the sun | 140,000 km thick, hottest part of the sun, lots of pressure |