Question | Answer |
cali/o, calic/o | calyx (calix); cup shaped |
cyst/o | urinary bladder |
glomerul/o | glomerulus |
meat/o | meatus |
nephr/o | kidney |
pyel/o | renal pelvis |
ren/o | kidney |
trigon/o | trigone (region of the bladder) |
ureter/o | ureter |
urethr/o | urethra |
vesic/o | urinary bladder |
albumin/o | albumin (a protein in the blood) |
azot/o | nitrogen |
bacteri/o | bacteria |
dips/o | thirst |
kal/o | potassium |
ket/o, keton/o | ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone) |
lith/o | stone |
natr/o | sodium |
noct/o | night |
olig/o | scanty |
-poietin | substance that forms |
py/o | pus |
-tripsy | crushing |
ur/o | urine (urea) |
urin/o | urine |
-uria | urination; urine condition |
arteriole | small artery |
calciferol | active form of vitamin D, secreted by the kidney |
calyx, calix | cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
cortex | outer region of an organ |
creatinine | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
electrolyte | chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water |
erythropoietin (EPO) | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow |
filtration | process where some substances, but not all, pass through a filter |
glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus |
glomerulus | tiny ball of capillaries in the kidneys |
hilum | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave |
kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone |
meatus | opening or canal |
medulla | inner region of an organ |
nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney |
nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine |
potassium (K+) | electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood |
reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream |
renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney |
renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney |
renal tubule | microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration |
renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and towards the heart |
renin | hormone secreted by the kidney |
sodium (Na+) | electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys |
trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder |
urea | major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine |
ureter | one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder |
urethra | tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine |
urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine |
urination (voiding) | process of expelling urine; also called micturition |
erythropoietin (EPO) | a hormone that stimulates RBC production in the bone marrow |
caliectasis | widening of the calyx |
caliceal | pertaining tot he calyx |
cystitis | inflammation of the urinary bladder |
cystectomy | removal of the urinary bladder |
cystostomy | new opening to urinary bladder |
glomerular capsule | capsule surrounding the glomerus |
meatal stenosis | narrowing of the opening or canal |
paranephric | pertaining to near the kidney |
nephropathy | disease of the kidneys |
nephroptosis | drooping or sagging kidney |
nephrolithotomy | removal of a kidney stone |
hydronephrosis | abnormal fluid in the kidney |
nephrostomy | new opening to the kidney |
pyelolithotomy | removal of a stone from the renal pelvis |
renal ischemia | to hold back blood from the kidney |
renal colic | kidney pain |
trigonitis | inflammation of the trigone |
ureteroplasty | surgical repair of the ureter |
ureteroileostomy | a new opening from the ureter to the small intestine |
urethritis | inflammation of the urethra |
urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra |
urethral stricture | abnormal narrowing of the urethra |
intravesical | within the urinary bladder |
vesicoureteral reflux | urine flows from the bladder back to the ureters |
albuminuria | urine condition of the albumin |
azotemia | excessive nitrogen in the blood |
bacteriuria | bacteria in the urine (UTI) |
polydipsia | pertaining to excessive thirst |
hyperkalemia | excessive potassium in the blood |
ketosis | abnormal condition of ketone bodies |
ketonuria | ketone bodies in the urine |
nephrolithiasis | abnormal condition of kidney stones |
hyponatremia | low sodium in the blood |
nocturia | excessive urination at night |
oliguria | small amount of urine |
erythropoietin | substance that forms RBC's |
pyuria | pus in the urine |
lithotripsy | crushing of a stone |
uremia | urine products in the blood |
enuresis | bed wetting |
diuresis | complete formation of urine |
antidiuretic hormone | hormone that stops the production of urine |
urinary incontinence | loss of control of urine to the bladder |