Question | Answer |
What Fundamental units of measurement do we use? | inchces, pounds, seconds |
Definition of Work? | applying a force over a distance |
Definition of Momentum? | product of mass of an object x velocity (speed) |
Definition of Force? | push or pull exerted on object |
Definition of Velocity? | speed |
Definition of Power? | rate of doing work |
Name the forms of energy. | Chemical, electrical, kinetic, potential, thermal |
What is chemical energy? | release by chemical reaction |
What is electrical energy? | movement of e- (current) |
What is kinetic energy? | energy in motion |
What is potential energy? | energy at rest |
What is thermal energy? | from heat |
State the unit of measurements of temperature? | F , C, Kelvin |
Definition of x-ray | ionizing electromagnetic radiation |
Definition of gamma | naturally occurring, comes from within the nucleus |
Definition of alpha | heavy, absorbs by a piece of paper |
Definition of beta | high speed e-, that will penetrate up to 5cm of skin |
Definition of valence | determines chemical binding ability of atom |
What are types of chemical bonding and definition | 1.) covalent bond = sharing of a e- 2.) ionic bond = attraction between 2 ions |
Definition of electromagnetic energy and examples | oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel in a vacuum with the velocity of light. EXAMPLES = x-ray, gamma |
Definition of matter and examples | anything that occupies space and has matter.EXAMPLES = solid, liquid, gas |
Definition of analysis | collect data |
Definition of synthesis | combination of components to form a connected whole |
Definition of scientific law | proven idea |
Definition of element | substance that CAN'T be broken down any further without changing its chemical properties |
Definition of atom | smallest particle that has all the properties of an element |
Definition of compound | amount of a molecule |
Definition of ionization | when an atom has too many or too few electrons |
Definition of octet | if an element has exactly 8 e- in outer most shell, it is considered stable |
What is atomic #? | # of protons in the nucleus (Z#) |
What is atomic mass? | # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (A#) |
Definition of a nucleon | proton and neutron in the nucleus |
Definition of isotope | same atomic # (Z#), but different atomic mass (A#) |
What is the horizontal and vertical portion of the periodic table called? | * vertical= family (group 1-8)* horizontal = period |
What is the family on the periodic table? | same chemical properties |
What is the period on the periodic table? | same # of electron shells, but different chemical properties |
What is LET? | linear energy transfer = measure of the rate of which energy is transferred ionizing radiation to soft tissue |
What is curie (bq)? | * curie = conventional unit of measurement of radioactivity* bq = standard unit of measurement of radioactivity |
What is physical half-life? | amount of time it takes for radioactive source to reduce to ½ of initial intensity |
What is biological half-life? | amount of time of radioactive source in the BODY to reduce by ½ of initial intensity |
State the Laws of Conservation of Energy & Matter | matter can neither be created nor destroyed, but changed from one form to another |
State the formula to compute # of e- permitted per shell | 2n(2) |
What are the 4 causes of ionization? | 1.) Exposure of matter to x-ray or gamma (happens in pt body)2.) Exposure of matter to stream of e- (happens in tube)3.) Exposure of certain elements to light (in IRD & film screen crystals)4.) Spontaneous breakdown of a radioactive element |
What is Physics? | study of matter and energy and interactions of energy and matter |
What is Chemistry? | study of interactions of matter |
How many sV per rem? | 1 sV = 100 rem |
How many R per gy? | 100 R = 1 gy |
What is the Conventional unit of measurement? | rem, rad, R |
What is the Standard international unit of measurement? | gy, sV, C |
Newton’s Law of Motion | Inertia = property of matter that acts to resist a change in its state of motion * Force = mass x acceleration (push or pull) * for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |