Question | Answer |
This enzyme phosphorylates phosphorylase in glycogenolysis | Phosphorylase kinase |
Elevated cAMP binds to this enzyme and removes the inhibitory subunit | Protein Kinase A |
Hydrolyzes glycogen | Phosphorylase |
Remove phosphates on phosphorylase kinase and phsophorylase | Protein phsophatases |
Activates IP3, DAG and Ca2+ | Phospholipase C |
Stimulated by diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate 3 (IP3) | Protein kinase C |
Cleaves phosphodiester bonds | Nuclease |
A nuclease that cleaves at the end of a DNA strand and releases an dNMP | Exonuclease |
Hydrolyze nucleotides at either the 3' end or 5' end | Exonuclease |
Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 3' end | 3'->5' exonuclease |
Hydrolyze nucleotides at the 5' end | 5'->3' exonuclease |
Hydrolyze the phsophodiester bond in the middle of a DNA strand | Endonucleases |
Restriction enzymes are what kind of enzyme? | Endonucleases |
Forms a phosphodiester bond between the 3' OH and 5' phosphate | DNA ligase |
Unwinds DNA at the replication fork in E. coli | Helicase |
Adds negative supercoils ahead of replication fork in E. coli | DNA gyrase |
Synthesizes RNA Primer in E. coli | Primase |
Synthesizes the bulk of the DNA in E. coli | DNA pol III |
Removes RNA primers and fills in the gaps in E. coli | DNA pol I |
Sealse the nicks in E. coli | DNA ligase |
Requires a primer | DNA polymerase |
Responsible for priming synthesis in human cells | DNA polymerase alpha |
Synthesizes the bulk of both strands of DNA in human cells | DNA polymerase delta |
Synthesizes a short stretch of RNA and then extens this RNA in human cells to prime replication | DNA polymerase alpha |
Remove RNA and any incorrect DNA bases misincorporated by pol alpha in eukaryotic cells | RNAse H1 and Flap endonuclease-1 (FEN-1) |
Move along the DNA backbone and scan for the presence of damaged bases | N-glycosidases and AP endonucleases |
Recognizes the absent base and clips the phosphodiester backbone on the 5' side of the AP site | AP endonuclease |
Recognizes AP sites that are created by ROS or formed spontaneously | AP endonuclease |
Scan by "base flipping" | N-glycosidases |
Removes a base if it recognizes damage to the base while "base flipping" | N-glycosidases |
Synthesizes RNA from a DNA template | |
Requires a DNA template, rNTPs and Mg++ | RNA polymerase |
Shaped like a "crab claw" with the acitve site located at the base of the groove between the two "pincers" | RNA polymerase |
Maintain negative supercoiling so that polymerase can move along the DNA strand in transcription | Topoisomerases |
Transcribes ribosomal RNA genes (with the exception of 5S RNA) in eukaryotes | RNA pol I |
Transcribes mRNAs and some small RNAs involved in splicing in eukaryotes | RNA pol II |
Transcribes tRNAs, 5S RNA and various small RNAs involved in splicing and RNA processing in eukaryotes | RNA pol III |
Forms a peptide bond between the P site peptide (carboxyl group) and the A site amino acid (NH3 group) | Peptidyltransferase |
Rate-limiting step of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway | Glucose-6-P Dehydrogenase (GPDH) |
Rate-limiting step of the glycolysis | Phosphofructokinase |
Allow for interconversion of diasteromers | Epimerase |
Transfers a 3-carbon fragment from one sugar to another | Transaldolase |
Transfers a 2-carbon frament from one sugar to another | Transketolase |
Makes citrate from OAA and acetyl-CoA | Citrate synthase |
Reduces OAA to malate | Malate dehydrogenase |
Decarboxylates malate to pyruvate and generates NADPH | Malic enzyme |
Rate-limiting step of fatty acid synthesis (requires biotin) | Acetyl CoA carboxylase |
Presence of these enzymes in the liver are indicative of liver disease | Alanine aminotransferase (ALP/SGPT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST/SGOT) |
Increased levels of this enzyme in the blood is indicative of heart disease or myocardial infaction | Creatine kinase |
Fluorouracil is a suicide inhibitor of this enzyme | Thymidylate synthase |