Term | Definition |
Heredity | The passing of traits from parents to offspring |
Alleles | Different forms of the same gene |
Homozygous/ Purebred Dominant | Organism that has two identical alleles for a trait (such as SS) |
23 chromosomes | The number of chromosomes present in a human sex cell |
DNA | Found inside the nucleus that controls all cell activities |
Genes | Set of instructions for each characteristic that are donated by the parent to the offspring |
Genotype | Actual inherited combination of alleles |
Phenotype | Organism's appearance |
25% | Two plants are crossed Ttx Tt, the probability that the offspring plants will show the recessive trait |
Interphase | Cells are not dividing, the stage of the cell cycle they are in |
Two functions of chromosomes | Determine traits and control cell processes |
DNA molecule, base pairs | C + G, A + T |
DNA strand, sides of the ladder | Sugar and phosphate |
Nitrogenous pairs | Rungs of the ladder in a DNA molecule |
TAGGCTA | ATCCGAT |
Meiosis purpose | Create four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as body cell |
Mitosis purpose | Create identical daughter cells; same number as body cells |
If a plant has 20 chromosomes in its egg cells, how many chromosomes would its leaf cell contain? | 40 chromosomes |
Why mitosis is important | Allows chromosomes to separate into the new daughter cells and replaced old and malfunctioning cells |
Steps of mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
Sex cells and human cells difference | They have half the number of chromosomes |
The genotype Tt means what to geneticists | One dominant and one recessive allele |
Punnett square shows what | All possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
Heterozygous organism | Organism with one dominant allele and one recessive allele; different alleles for traits |
Why cell produce new cells | To replace cells that have died |
Telophase | New nuclear membranes form |
Chromosomes | Genes are located on this |
If an organism has 40 chromosomes in its body cells, how many chromosomes would be in its egg cell? | 20 chromosomes |
Why daughter cells must be identical to the parent cell | So they do the same function or job as the parent cell |
How many chromosomes human have | 46 chromosomes |
Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
Anaphase | Chromosomes split and chromatids move to opposite sides |
How asexual reproduction is important to humans | Many body cells reproduce this way |
Before a cell divides | The cell has to copy all its DNA |
Order of the cell cycle | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokinesis |
RNA has thymine | False |
DNA has thymine | True |
Deoribonucleic acid | DNA |
Ribonucleic acid | RNA |
Ribose sugar present | RNA |
Deoxyribose sugar present | DNA |
Sugar is linked to a phosphate group at one end and a nitrogenous base at the other end | DNA, RNA |
Polymer of nucelotides | DNA, RNA |
Adenine present | DNA, RNA |
Thymine | DNA |
Uracil | RNA |
Cytosine | DNA, RNA |
Guanine | DNA, RNA |
Two double chains held in a double helix by hydrogen bonds | DNA |
Single-stranded | RNA |
Contains a chemical code or message which must be transcribed | DNA |
Mendel | Father of genetics |
Gene | Basic unit of heredity located on the chromosome |
Phenotype | What an organism looks like because of the inherited genes |
Heredity | Passing of traits to the offspring |
Dominant | The gene that covers up another gene |
Purebred | When both genes are the same |
Heterozygous | Another name for being a hybrid for a trait |
Genotype | What the genes are (the letters) |
Allele | Different forms of the same gene, dominant or recessive |
Recessive | The gene that is covered or masked |
Hybrid | When the alleles are dominant and recessive (Hh) |
Probability | The likelihood that an event will occur |
Homozygous | Another name for being a purebred for a trait |
The number of genes that usually control a characteristic | 2 genes |
Punnett square | The special chart that shows the possible combination of genes |
Meiosis | Reproductive process that forms gametes that contain one-half of the chromosomes that contain the genes needed for each trait |
What Gregor Mendel used to test his theories | Pea plants |
The gene is actually a section of what located in the nucleus | DNA |