Question | Answer |
What is the deepest layer of the Earth? | Inner Core |
What is the top layer of the Earth? | Crust |
The uppermost solid portion of the mantle and the crust | Lithosphere |
The type of rock that forms from compressed organic and inorganic particles. | Sedimentary |
What principle relates to the theory that the lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere? | Archimedes' Principle |
The balance between the weight and the bouyancy of the crust. | Isostatic equilibrium |
How do landmasses restore balance when isostatic equilibrium is disrupted? | By rising or falling along a fault |
The theory that all continents came from one landmass and drifted apart? | Continental drift |
The single continent with a single sea that broke apart? | Pangaea |
The name of Pangaea's single sea? | Panthalassa |
Evidence Wegener used to support the theory of continental drift. | Shape of continents, coal in Antartica, and distribution of fossils |
Why was Wagener's theory of continental drift not widely accepted? | It did not explain what forces could move continents |
How has sonar contributed to information about the ocean's bottom? | Enables mapping of the bottom terrain |
An underwater mountain range | Mid-ocean ridge |
Runs through the center of a Mid-ocean ridge | Rift valley |
New seafloor emerges from where and how? | Rift valley from magma pushing up from the asthenospehere |
What evidence do we have about the seafloor spreading? | Pattern of sediment layers, dating of seafloor rocks, and magnetic patterns found on the seafloor |
Plates that float on the lithosphere? | Plate tetonics |
Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and trenches mark what? | boundaries between tetonic plates |
When plates spread apart? | divergent boundary |
When plates collide? | Convergent boundary |
Plates slide by each other? | Transform boundary |
local rising of a column of magma that does not move with the plate above it? | Hot spot |
Primary force that causes plates to move | Convection |
In a million years, a new ocean will form in the East Africa rift valley due to? | Plate tectonics |