Question | Answer |
What is the definition of life? | Something that includes all 8 life functions that living organisms perform |
What are the 8 life functions? | 1. cellular respiration 2. Nutrition 3. Transport 4. Excretion 5. Synthesis 6. regulation 7. reproduction 8. Growth |
What is Metabolism? | Food is converted into energy (cellular respiration, required to sustain life) |
What is Homeostasis? | organisms stability (normal balance) |
What is the basis for Classification? | Similarities in structures |
What is the 5 kingdom system? | monera, Protista, fungi, plant, animal |
monera | unicellular, no nuclear membrane |
protista | unicellular with a nucleus |
fungi | mostly multicellular, heterotrophs |
plant | multicellular, autotroph |
animal | multicellular, heterotroph |
Nomenclature | Genus species (choosing of names for things) |
Cell Theory | basic unit of structure and function in all living things (cells come from cells) |
History of cell theory | Robert Hooke discovered cell with microscope describing relationship between cells and living things |
What exceptions are there to the cell theory? | viruses, first cell, mitochondria and chloropast |
Microscopes and other techniques for studying cells? | Compound, dissecting(stereo), simple, and centrifuge |
Cell organelles | chloroplasts, mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, vacuole, cell wall |
Do red blood cells have a nucleus? | no |
What are the differences in plant and animal cells? | cell wall, chloroplast, and vacuoles |
What makes up elements? | atoms |
What don't inorganic compounds have? | carbon and hydrogen |
What do organic compounds have? | carbon and hydrogen |
What is dehydration synthesis? | removal or loss of water molecules |
What is hydrolysis? | Big to small molecules (breaking down) reaction with water |
What is the composition of a carbohydrate? | carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
What is the structure of a carbohydrate? | 2:1 disaccharides:monosaccharides |
Functions of a carbohydrate | energy, cellulose of a cell wall |
Examples of carbohydrates | sugars, starches, polysaccharide, |
What are lipids? | fats and oils |
What is the composition of a lipid? | hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |
What is the structure of a lipid? | large |
what is the function of a lipid? | stores energy and makes up cell membrane |
What is the composition of a protein? | nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen |
What is the structure of a protein? | a chain of amino acids |
What is the function of a protein? | muscle, hair, etc... in a cell membrane |
What are examples of proteins? | enzymes, hormones, anti bodies, hemoglobin |
What are enzymes? | proteins that inniate change |
What is the structure of an enzyme? | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
What is the function of an enzyme? | speed up chemical reactions |
What is the lock and key model of an enzyme? | like a puzzle, 2 enzymes go together but have to fit together |
What factors affect the rate of enzyme activity? | temperature, ph level, amount of enzymes and substrate |
What is photosynthesis? | process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to create food |
What is the difference in autotrophic and heterotrophic? | autotrophic make their own food, heterotrophic get food from other sources |
What is the equation for photosynthesis? | 6CO^2+12H^2O---->c^6 H^12 o^6+6o^2+6h^2o |
What are the stages of photosynthesis? | light reactions: water splits and oxygen is released
dark reactions: CO2 joins hydrogen from light reaction and forms glucose |
What are the adaptations of photosynthesis? | algae and green plants structure of the leafs chloroplast |
What is grana? | light part of chloroplast |
What is stroma? | dark part of chloroplast |
What is the equation for cellular respiration? | C6 H12 O6+6O2--->enzymes--->6CO2+6H2O+36ATP |
What is anaerobic respiration? | makes very little energy without oxygen |
What is aerobic respiration? | makes a lot of energy with oxygen |
What are the adaptations for gas exchange in cellular respiration? | absorbed from environment and transported to where needed, carbon dioxide is released |
What is cell membrane? | contains lipids and proteins, protects cell nucleus |
What is passive transport? | diffusion, no energy needed, move from high to low concentration |
What is active transport? | uses energy from the cell, move from high to low concentration |
What are adaptations for transport? | cyclosis, root pressure |
What is regulation? | The control and coordination of the life activities of an organism |
What is nerve control? | stimulus that changes the response
receptors and effectors |
What is the structure of a neuron? | one axon and multiple dendrites |
What is the adaptations of regulation? | neurons that receive and transmit impulses (neurotransmitters) |
What is chemical control of regulation? | transmits messages from one part to another (hormones-animals and ouxins-plants) |
What is locomotion? | ability of an organism to move |
Organisms with locomotion? | male gametes of moss and fern, algae, bacteria, flagella |
What is excretion? | removal of waste products of metabolism |
What types of waste are there in excretion? | CO2, H2O, nitrogenous wastes(ammonia, urea, uricacid) |
Adaptations of excretion? | cell membranes, plant and algae |
Name nutrients for human nutrition | carbohydrates(sugars), proteins(amino acids), lipids(3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol), vitamins, minerals, water |
Organs and functions for human nutrition | small intestine: absorbtion and digestion of starches and proteins
stomach: digest all organisms and proteins
mouth: starches
large intestine: excretion |
Accessory organs and functions of human nutrition | liver: produce bile stored in gall bladder
salivery glands, teeth, and tongue |
Malfunctions of organs | not enough water |
Needs/sections for Human Circulation | Blood, vessels, blood types, heart structure, immunity, organ transplant, and malfunctions |
Connection of blood and circulation | flows through the vessels in circulatory system, tissue, no cells, helps maintain homestasis |
Vessels and circulation | arteries(lymph vessels), capillaries (heart), veins |
What are the 4 blood types? | a, b, o, ab |
What is the structure of the heart? | 4 chambers (capillaries), ventricles, veins
heart>arteries>arteriols>capillaries>venules>veins>heart |
How does immunity connect with circulation? | destroys harmful cells from entering circulation |
Important factor of organ transplant? | same blood types needed for both donor and patient |
Malfunctions of circulation? | diseases, clotting, wrong blood types |