Question | Answer |
What are the four major classes of biological molecules | Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids |
What are the six elements make up 99% of all living organisms | Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur |
What are two important functions that carbohydrates have in the cell | 1. Principal energy source
2. They are material that forms the basis for other types of material |
Carbohydrates are also known as | Sugars |
Carbohydrates contain only what three elements | Carbon
Hydrogen
oxygen |
What is the proportion of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen. | CH(2)O |
What are the three kinds of Carbohydrates | Monosaccharides
Diaccharides
Polysaccharides |
What are examples of Monosaccharides | Glucose
Fructose
Ribose |
What are examples of Diaccharides | Surcose
Maltose
Lactose |
The Suffix "Ose" means | Sugar |
What are the two polysaccharides representatives | Cellulose
Starch |
Are Carbohydrates polar or non-polar molecules | Polar |
Are Carbohydrates solube in water | Yes Carbohydrates are solube in water |
What are the oxygen atoms mainly bonded to form | Alcohols |
What makes Carbohydrates water soluble | Alcohols and high numbers of hydroxyl group make |
What are some important disaccharides | Sucrose (Cane sugar)
Maltose (Malt sugar)
Lactose (Milk sugar) |
What does Sucrose consists of ? | Glucose
Fructose |
Maltose is formed from how many units of glucose | Two |
What does Lactose consists of ? | Glucose
Galactose |
How are Disaccharides formed? | By the removal of water from two monosaccharides |
What does the addition of water do to surcose | splits sucrose into its glucose and fructose units |
When monosaccharides are joined together what are formed | Polsaccharides |
What are three important polysaccharides | Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose |
What is used a the stored energy source in plants | Starch |
What is stored energy source in animals | Glycogen |
What is the structural polyaccharide in plants | Cellulose |
Are lipids soluable or insoluable in water | insoluable |
Are lipids Poplar or Non-Polar | Non-polar |
What are the three major roles that Lipids play in the body | Store engery in fat cells
Form parts of cell membranes
Function as chemical messengers |
What are a long chain of Carboxlyic acids | Fatty acids |
Animal fat and vegetable oils are | Triglycerides |
What are estes of Glycerol | Triglycerides |
What is a large molcule that consits of amino acids | Protein |
There are how many Naturally occuring amino acids | 20 |
And the combinations of all 20 amino acids make up | Proteins |
A amino acid contains an | Amine functional group and a Carboxylic acid |
The 20 amino acids found in proteins are called | Alpha amino acids |
What does the term mean alpha mean when referring to Amino Acids | Amino group is next to the carboxylic acid group |
Is a amino group acidic or basic | Basic |
Is Carbooxylic acid group acidic or basic | acidic |
What is the simplest amino acid and has a melting point of 262*C | Glycine |
Why are amino acids soluble in water | Because of their inoic character |
What are the Eight amino acid that are essential | (Val), (Leu), (Ile), (Lys), (Phe), (Try), (Thr) (Met) |
What amino acid is required in infants but not adults | (His) |
What type of source does essential amino acids come from | Dietary |
Nucleic acids are known as | Polymers |
What are the monomeres that make up nucleic acid | Polymers and nucleotide |
Nucleotides consists of : | Five carbon sugar, a Phosphate and a nitrogenous base |
What are the two important nucleic acids | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) |
DNA contains how many carbon sugar deoxyribose | Five |
What do the bases of DNA consits of | Adenine(A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G) |
RNA has three of the same bases what is different in RNA | Uracil (U) |
How are nucleotides linked together | Nucleotides are linked together by bonds between the sugar and the phosphate group |
What does a nucleoside contain | a nitogenous base and the sugar either Deoxyribose or ribose |
Is DNA a double or single stranded | Single |
What are the two kinds of nitrogenous bases | Pyrimidines and purines |
Which two nitrogenous bases are Purines | Adenine and Guanine |
Which two nitrogenous bases are Pyrimdines. | Thymine and Cytosine |