Term | Definition |
Temperature | The measure of the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in an object |
Three common scales | Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin |
Fahrenheit scale | The most commonly temperature scale used in the U.S. |
Celsius scale | Most commonly used scale |
Kelvin scale | Most commonly used scale for Physical science |
Heat | Is thermal energy moving from a warmer object to a cooler object |
Specific heat | A material with a high specific heat can absorb a great deal of thermal energy without a great change in temperature |
Change in energy = | Mass x Specific heat x Change in temperature |
Heat is transferred by | Conduction, convection, and radiation |
Conduction | heat is transferred from one particle of matter to another without the movement of matter itself |
Convection | Transfers heat within a fluid by the movement of currents |
Radiation | Is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
If two objects have different temperature, | Heat will flow from the warmer object to the colder one |
Conductor | A material that conducts heat well |
Insulator | A material that doesn't conduct heat well |
States | Solid, Liquid, and Gas |
Change of State | The physical change from one state of matter to another |
Matter can change rom one state to another when | Thermal energy is absorbed or released |
Melting | The change of state when a solid goes to a liquid |
Freezing | The change of state from a liquid to a solid |
Evaporation | If vaporization takes place at the surface of a liquid |
Boiling | Vaporization takes place at the bottom of a liquid |
Condensation | A change from the gas state to the liquid state |
Thermal expansion | The expanding of matter when it is heated |
As the thermal energy of matter increases, | Its particles spread out and the substance expands |