Question | Answer |
Spontaneous Generation | the mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources |
Taxonomy | the scientific study of how living things are classified |
Heterotroph | an organism that cannot make its own food, but obtains energy by feeding on others. Ex. animals eat mushrooms. |
Autotroph | an organism that makes its own food. Ex. Plants capture the sun's energy and use it to make their own food. |
Prokaryote | an organism whose cells lack a nucleus. Ex. bacteria, archaea |
Eukaryote | an organism that contains cells that have nuclei. Ex. protists, fungi, plants, and animals |
Homeostasis | mantaining stable internal conditions |
Stimulus | a change in an organism's surroundings that causes an organism to react |
Response | an action or change in behavior |
Magnification | the ability to make things look larger than they are |
Resolution | the sharpness of an image |
Cell Membrane | regulates what substances enter and leave the cell |
Cell Wall | stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane, giving the cell a rigid box-like shape, and protects and supports the cell. Contained in plant cells only. |
Mitochondria | most of the cell's energy is produced within these rod-shaped organelles |
Nucleus | directs all of the cell's activities, including reproduction |
Vacuole | stores water, food, waste materials, and other materials |
Golgi Bodies | receive materials from the endoplasmic reticulum and send them to the other parts of the cell (also release materials outside the cell) |
Ribosomes | produce proteins (can attach to the endoplasmic reticulum, or ER or may float in the cytoplasm) |
Lysosomes | contain materilas that break down food particles and worn-out cell parts |
Chloroplasts | capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell |
Endoplasmic Reticulum | anetwork of passageways that carries materials from one part of the cell to another |
Cytoplasm | a gel-like fluid in which many different organelles are found |
Chromatin | thin strands in the nucleus that contain genetic material, which is the instructions for directing the cell's functions. p.62 |
Nucleolus | where ribosimes are made (in the nucleus) p.62 |
What is the source of energy for most autotrophs? | the sun |
Which domains include only prokaryotes? | Bacteria and Archaea |
Which domain includes eukaryotes? | Eukarya |
What three characteristics are used to place organisms into domains and kingdoms? | 1. cell type 2. ability to make food 3. number of cells in their bodies |
Why do scientists classify living things? | It makes it easier to study organisms. |
What did the experiments of Redi and Pasteur demonstrate? | Living things do not arise from nonliving material. |
List six characteristics that all living things share. p.34 | 1.) cellular organization 2.)contain similar chemicals 3.) use energy 4.) resppond to their surroundings 5.) grow and develop 6.) reproduce |
Why was the invention of the microscope important? | It made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells. |
What are two parts of a scientific name? Give an example showing each part. | Genus + Species, like "Felis Domesticus" -- A species is group of similar organisms that mate and produce offspring tht can mate and reproduce. |
What are cells like in many-celled organisms? p.67 | In many-celled organisms, the cells are often quite different from each other and are specialized to perform specific functions. |
How does a bacterial cell differ from a plant or animal cell? | BACTERIAL CELL - no nucleus (prokaryote) and has a cell wall
ANIMAL CELL - has nucleus (eukaryote) but no cell wall
PLANT CELL - has a nucleus (eukaryote) and has a cell wall |
List the three parts of the cell theory. p.54 | 1.) All living things are composed of cells 2.) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things
3.) All cells are produced from other cells |
The more classification levels that two organisms share, means they have MORE or LESS characteristics in common? (Be able to interpret a classification table like we looked at in class.) | More |
What is the difference between growth and development? | Growth is the process of becoming larger, and development is the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism. |
List some examples of organisms that belong to the fungi kingdom. | Mushrooms, mold, and mildew |
What are the three domains of life? Tell if each domain consists of prokaryotes or eukaryotes. | 1.) Bacteria - prokaryotes
2.) Archaea - prokaryotes
3.) Eukarya - eukaryotes |
How are plant cells different from animal cells? | Plant cells have chloroplasts and a cell wall. |
Who developed a naming system that grouped organisms on the basis of observable features? | Carolus Linnaeus |
What did Robert Hooke see when he observed the structure of a thin slice of cork? | He saw empty spaces in the cork that looked like tiny rectangular rooms. |
What did Robert Hooke call the "empty spaces" he saw in the thin slice of cork? | "Cells." The word "cells" means "small rooms." |
What is the name of the only kingdom of eukaryotes that contains both autotrophs and heterotrophs and both unicellular and multicellular organisms? | Protists |
List the eight levels of classification in order from the highest level to the lowest. | Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species. Remember, "Did King Phillip Clean Our Floor, Garage, + Sink?" |
Explain how you can tell the difference between a plant, animal, and bacterial cell. | Bacterial Cell - prokaryote (no nucleus) and has a cell wall
Plant cell - eukaryote (has nucleus) and has a cell wall
Animal cell - eukaryote (has nucleus) and does NOT have a cell wall. |