Question | Answer |
Bullae | a group of over-inflated alveoli |
ulcer | a lesion through the skin or a mucous membrane |
peptic ulcer | a lesion caused by pepsin |
duodenal ulcer | a lesion in the mucosal lining of the duodenum |
gastric ulcer | a lesion in the mucosal lining of the stomach |
esophageal ulcer | a lesion in the mucosal lining of the esophagus |
diverticulum | a pouch or sac that develops off a tubular structure such as the intestine |
diverticulitis | inflammation of a pouch or sac opening off of a tubular structure |
diverticulosis | the presence of diverticula within the intestine |
cholelithiasis | the presence of stones within the gallbladder or biliary duct |
neuropathy | a disease of nervous tissue |
myopathy | a disease of muscle tissue |
intravenous pyelogram | a contrast x-ray showing the structures that carry urine |
BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) | a blood test used as an indicator of kidney function. measures the amount of urea. |
creatinine clearance | a measure of kidney function that compares the amount of creatinine excreted in the urine over a 24 hour period to the concentration of creatinine in the blood |
cystoscopy | using an endoscope to examine the urinary bladder |
genes | a region on DNA that contains the code for making a protein |
alleles | different forms of a gene |
dominant | an allele that is always expressed |
recessive | an allele that will be expressed only when the person is homozygous |
genotype | a two-letter code that describes which alleles a person has |
homozygous | having the same to alleles for a gene |
heterozygous | having different alleles for a gene |
expressed | the allele that we can see evidence of |
phenotype | describes what characteristics are produced as a result of having a certain genotype |
chromosomes | the combination of DNA and proteins found in a cell that is going through mitosis |
autosomes | chromosomes one through twenty two |
sex chromosomes | the twenty third pair of chromosomes in humans |
karyotype | describes the microscopic appearance of the chromosomes |
diploid | having the normal 23 pairs of chromosomes |
aneuploid | having an abnormal number of chromosomes |
monosomy | missing a chromosome |
trisomy | having an extra copy of a chromosome |
hematocrit | the percentage of blood volume occupied by RBC's |
Mean corpuscular volume | the average size of a RBC |
anemias | a group of disease that decreases the ability of the blood to carry oxygen |
leukemias | a group of disease that results in a dramatic increase in the number of leukoblasts |
pollycythemia | having an abnormally high number of erythrocytes |
pancytopenia | a decreased in the number of all normal blood cells |
erythrocytopenia | a decrease in the number of RBC's |
leukopenia | a decrease in the number of WBC's |
thrombocytopenia | having a low number of platelets |
hemophilia | a genetic decrease in the activity of one of the clotting factors |
thalassemias | a group of genetic anemia's resulting in a decrease in the synthesis of globin chains |
intrinsic factor | any form from with in the body |
intrinsic factor ( pernicious anemia) | a protein secreted by gastric glands that is needed for the absorption of B12 |
extrinsic factor | any factor coming from outside the body |
extrinsic factor (pernicious anemia) | vitamin B12 |
ausculation | any diagnostic procedure that listens to body sounds |
echocardiography | an ultrasound of the heart |
stress test | an electrocardiogram performed while in the heart rate is elevated |
angiography | a contrast x-ray showing circulation |
cardiac markers | proteins released from damaged cells into the blood; used as a diagnostic indicator of myocardial infarction |
normal sinus rhythm | having a normal heart rhythm established by the sinoatrial node |
bradycardia | having a resting heart rate of less that 60 beats per minute |
tachycardia | having a resting heart rate of greater than 100 beats per minute |
valvular incompetence | the inability of a valve to either open or close properly |
valvular stenosis | the inability of a valve to open completely |
valvular prolapse | when one of the AV valves swings up into the atrium when it should be closed |
atherosclerosis | the build up of fatty deposits with in blood vessels |
arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
arteriostenosis | narrowing of the arteries |
DNA | the nucleic acid that contains all of an individuals genes, in every cell |
Ischemia | a local decrease in blood flow due to obstruction |
angina pectoris | chest pains as a result of myocardial ischemia |
angina pectoris | chest pains as a result of myocardial ischemia |
myocardial infarction | ischemic necrosis of heart muscle |
TIA | a temporary decrease in cerebral function as a result of ischemia |
cerebral infraction | ischemic necrosis of the cerebrum |
secondary hypertension | chronic high blood pressure that is a complication of another condition |
primary (essential) hypertension | chronic high blood pressure of unknown origin |
aneurysm | localized dilation of an artery or chamber of the heart as a result of weakness in the wall |
hemoptysis | coughing up blood from lungs |
hypoxia | a lack of oxygen |
hypercapnea | an excess of carbon dioxide |
respirator acidosis | a decrease in the pH of body fluids as a result of a build-up of carbon dioxide |
atelectasis | a partial or complete collapse of lung tissue |
pneumothorax | the presence of air between the visceral pleura and the parietal pleura |