Question | Answer |
Chemistry | a branch of science that considers the composition of matter and how this composition changes |
Matter | anything that has weight and takes up space |
Elements | all matter is composed of these substances that cant be broken down |
Atoms | elements are composed of these tiny particles |
Nucleus | central portion of an atom that is composed of protons and neutrons |
Electrons | particles that constantly are moving around the nucleus |
Protons | part of the nucleus that has a positive charge |
Neutrons | part of the nucleus that has no charge |
Atomic number | the number of protons in the atom of a particular element |
Atomic weight | the number of protons and neutrons combined |
Ions | atoms that gain or loose electrons become electrically charged |
Isotopes | atoms with the same atomic numbers but different atomic weights |
Ionic bond | transfer of electrons so that one atom of an element will either become positively charged or negatively charged |
Covalent bond | the chemical bond between the atoms that creates a molecule |
Hydrogen bond | another type of chemical bond that is a weak electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom and a another nitrogen or oxygen atom |
Molecule | when two or more atoms bond |
Compounds | when tons of different elements combine |
Molecular formula | represents the number and types of atoms in a molecule |
Structural formulas | the representations that depict how atoms are joined and arranged in various molecules |
Synthesis | when two or more atoms bond to form a more complex structure |
Decomposition | if the bonds in a reactant molecule break so that simpler molecules, atoms or ions form (AB→A+B) |
Exchange reaction | parts of two different types of molecules trade positions (AB+CD→AD+CB) |
Reversible reaction | the product of the reaction can change back into the reactant that originally underwent the reaction (A+B=AB) |
Catalysts | increase the speed of the reaction |
Electrolytes | substances that release ions in water |
Acids | electrolytes that release hydrogen ions (H+) in water |
Bases | electrolytes that release ions that combine with hydroxyl ions |
pH | measures hydrogen ion concentration |
organic | contains carbon and hydrogen atoms |
inorganic | doesn’t contain carbon |
carbohydrates | provide much of the energy that cells require and supply materials for the cellular structures |
sugars | another name for carbohydrates |
monosaccharide | the building blocks for all carbohydrates |
disaccharides | two monosaccharide’s combined together |
polysaccharides | two or more monosaccharide’s combined together |
lipids | organic substances that are insoluble in water but soluble in certain organic solvents |
fats | are used to store energy for cellular activities |
fatty acid | one of the building blocks for fats that is the reason |
glycerol | the other building blocks for fats |
saturated | a triglyceride fat that has all the carbon molecules connected by single bonds which are produced by animals and solid at room temperature (butter and lard) |
unsaturated | a triglyceride fat that has at least one double bond between the carbon in the fatty acid which are produced by plants and are liquid at room temperature (sesame and soybean) |
phospholipids | is a molecule similar to a fat molecule in that it contains a glycerol portion and fatty acid chains but only has two fatty acid chains (part of a cell membrane) |
steroid | a molecule are complex structures that include four connected rings of carbon atoms |
proteins | serve as a structural materials, energy sources and hormones |
receptors | they specialized to bond to particular kinds of molecules |
antibodies | another type of protein that act against foreign substance that enter the body (white blood cells) |
enzymes | catalyze vital metabolic processes |
amino acids | building blocks of proteins |
conformation | the final protein is a complicated three |
nucleic acids | form genes and take part in protein synthesis |
nucleotides | building blocks of nucleic acids which contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus |
RNA | ribonucleic acid that is a single strand of a polynucleotide chain, which transfers part of the DNA for protein synthesis |
DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid that is a double strand of nucleotides that hold all the genetic information |