Question | Answer |
Two or more atoms bonded together | Molecule |
Pure substance containing identical molecules | Compounds |
Body's first choice for energy. Always made up of C, H, & O. | Carbohydrates |
Nutrients that do not dissolve in water. Mostly C & H with a pinch of O. Used for storing energy | Lipids (fats) |
Made out of building blocks called amino acids. There are 23 different amino acids. All proteins contain C, H, O, & N. | Protein |
Molecules that carry info that is used to make proteins. | Nucleic Acids |
Most common molecule in the body. | Water |
Contain mostly carbon made by living things | Organic Compounds |
A mixture that contains one or more chemicals that are dissolved | Solutions |
Something that dissolves other chemicals | Solvent |
Material that is being dissolved | Solute |
Solution with a greater osmotic pressure than what its compared with | Hypertonic |
Solution with less osmotic pressure than what its being compared with | Hypotonic |
Solutions with the same osmotic pressure | Isotonic |
A way of measuring the concentration of hydrogen ions. An aqueous solution. | pH |
Runs from 0 to 14. Neutral is exactly 7. 7 is the pH of pure water. | pH scale |
>7 more hydrogen | Acids |
<7 less hydrogen | Bases |
The basic unit of structure and function found in all living things. | Cells |
A cell that contains all of the parts that might be found in a real cell. This type of cell does not exist. | A composite cell. |
The barrier between fluid inside of the cell and the fluid outside of the cell. | The Cell Membrane. |
Makes the membrane flexible. (found between the tails) | Cholesterol |
Binding sights for sending chemical messages. They receive signals such as neurotransmitters and chemicals. | Receptors |
How things are moved around-they are very specific-they only allow certain things to go through. | Pores/Channels |
Used to move things into the cell-they change shape to carry something across. | Carriers |
Can go through the barrier. EX-lipids can go through the phospholipid bilayer. | Permeable |
Needs a carrier or channel to help it through the membrane | Impermeable |
Some things can cross and some things cannot pass through the membrane | Semipermeable (selectively permeable) |
Liquid between the cell membrane and the organelles (cell fluid) | The cytoplasm |
Structures found inside of the cell. | The organelles |
Smallest organelle in the cell.
It's function is to make proteins. | Ribosomes |
A group of connective tubes used to move things around withing the cell. | Endoplasmic Reticulum. |
Packages things so it can get out of the cell through the membrane. | Golgi Apparatus. |
Changes one type of fuel to another. | Mitochondria |
Used to breakdown things a cell does not need. They use enzymes to break it down. | Lysosomes. |
A pair of organelles found near the nucleus. It's function is to help separate the genes during mitosis so each new cell gets a full set. | Centrioles. |
Moves something in a certain direction that is outside of the cell. | Cilia |
Moves the cell. Sperm cell is the only cell with this. | Flagellam. |
Pores in wall lets things in and out. It is the largest organelle you can see in a cell. Its function..controls which genese are going to be used by that cell. They control how often and when that gene will be used | Nucleus |
Darker part of the nucleus. It's function is to make ribosomes. | Nucleolus |
Where we find DNA in nucleus of cells that are not dividing. Its function allows the cell to use the genes | Chromatin |
23 pairs of bundled DNA. Found when a cell is dividing. Its function moving packages that allow us to sort the genes in the DNA. | Chromosomes. |
What our cells use for energy | ATP |
If it uses ATP for energy | Active Transport |
Does not use ATP for energy | Passive Transport |
Relies on random movement of dissolved molecules. (random movement of solutes from energy of high concentration to areas of low concentration. EX drop of food coloring in water | Diffusion |
Random movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Uses a protein to cross the cell membrane | Facilitated Diffusion |
Random movement of water from an area of low concentration of solute to areas of high concentration of solute across a semipermeable membrane. | Osmosis |
Relies on differences in pressure. This happens in every tissue in your body. | Filtration |
Found on nerve cells, muscle cells, and some cells in our kidneys. | Na/K pumps |
Takes things inside of the cell and packages them into vessicals | Endocytosis |
Takes in a liquid | Pinocytosis |
is endocytosis that takes in a solid | Phagocytosis |
Moving a vessical outside of a cell | Exocytosis |
When a stem cell changes into a specialized cell. When a set of cells choose a gene. | Differentiation |
Replication of DNA. When a cell does its job. | Interphase |
*adds set of centrioles
*centrioles move to opposite sides | Prophase |
2 sets of centrioles at pole. Chromosomes at equator. Spindle fibers. | Metaphase |
Chromosomes are moved to opposite sides. Cell changes shape | Anaphase |
Starts to build a nucleus. Change DNA back to chromatin. | Telophase |
When a cell starts to pinch in half | Cytokinesis |
A rounded projection or tooth, as on the margin of a leaf. | Crenation |
The breaking down of red blood cells with liberation of hemoglobin. | Hemolysis |