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Unit 1 Terms
Covers the history, types of psychology, and types of psychologists
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functionalism | A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish. |
| Structuralism | An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind. |
| Empiricism | The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation. |
| Experimental Psychology | The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. |
| Behaviorism | The view that psychology should be 1) an objective science and 2) studies behavior without reference to mental process. Most psychologists today agree with 1) but not 2). |
| Humanistic Psychology | Emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth. |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition. |
| Psychology | The science of behavior and mental process. |
| Nature-Nuture Issue | The longstanding controversy over the Relative contribution the genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. |
| Natural Selection | Among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to the next generation, and the weaker will be weeded out. "Survival of the fittest". |
| Biopsychosocial Approach | An integrated approach incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis. |
| Biological Psychology | A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior. |
| Behavioral Psychology | The scientific study of observation, and its explanation by principles of learning. |
| Cognitive Psychology | The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |
| Developmental Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies the physical, cognitive, and social change throughout all stages of life. |
| Eclecticsm | The mixture of diverse formulations or techniques into an integrated view. |
| Psychometrics | The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits. |
| Social-Cultural Psychology | The study of how situations and cultures affects our behavior and thinking. |
| Personality Psychology | The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting. |
| Psychodynamic Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior. |
| Psychoanalysis | Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts. |
| Educational Psychology | The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning. |
| Social Psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another. |
| Industrial-Organizational Psychology | The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces. |
| Human Factors Psychology | A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use. |
| Clinical Psychology | A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. |
| Counseling Psychology | A branch of psychology that assists people with issues in living. |
| Evolutionary Psychology | The study of roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection. |
| Introspection | The observation or examination of one's own mental/emotional processes. |
| Basic Research | Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base. |
| Applied Research | Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems. |
| Psychiatry | A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who provide medical treatments and prescriptions. |
Created by:
APPsychology
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