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Spine
Cervical Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| C0-1 What motion does is promote? | OA jt (occipital atlas joint) "yes" jt- nodding joint flex/extension |
| C1-2 What motion does it promote? | AA jt (atlanto axial jt) "no" jt rotation 55-58% rotation |
| C3-7 | "typical" lower cervical spine |
| How many jt are in the cervical spine? | 37 jts |
| What are the most mobile areas of the spine? | Cervical |
| What vertebrae typically has the largest spinous process? | C7 |
| Where is the 1st disc located? | between c2-c3 |
| What is another name your synovial , planar, diarthrodial? | Zygapophyseal (facet) Joints |
| All cervical jts are weight-bearing in the what position? | Upright postures |
| What vertebrae is shaped like a ring/washer? | Atlas |
| Which SP are bifid? What age does this occur? | c3-c6 10 yrs old |
| Where is den located? | on the axis |
| Uncovertibro joints (Joints of Luschka) start where? | C3 |
| Where is 1st disc located at? | C2-C3 |
| What is located between C1-C2? | psuedo disc |
| There are troughs in the cervical spine. They are open in_____and closed in _______. | open: flexion closed: extension |
| Joint of Luschka restrict what? they promote what? What happens when you get older? | SB Promote: flexion/ extension SB decrease bc of the jts of Luschka |
| Btwn post and ant tubercle where the nerve root run through is called what? | uncinate process |
| What is the articular relationship between C1-C2? What does this relationship promote? | convex on convex rotation |
| What is the articular shape of the occipital condyles? What is the of the superior facets of the atlas ? | convex concave |
| What is the only cervical segment with convex on concave relationship? How many DOF? | OA jt 2 (no rotation) just nodding yes |
| Mia has nice lps | Medial inferior anterior Lateral Posterior Superior |
| What occurs at the OA jt during flexion? | ROll anterior Glide posterior (convex on concave rule) |
| What occurs at the OA jt in extension? | Roll posterior slide ant |
| Where is the longitudinal ligament located? | |
| What does the ligamentum flavum turn into at C1? | |
| Posterior LL turns into what at C1 and C2. | |
| How many jts are between the AA jt? What are they? | 3 1-median jt formed by the dens of C2 (synovial jt) & the ant arch of atlas(held by the transverse ligament) 2- lateral jts, the jt surfaces are nearly flat to allow sigROTATION |
| What is the articulating surface between the AA jt | convex on convex(promotes rotation) |
| Why is the transverse ligament so important? | Prevent the den from protruding on the spinal cord. |
| Is the cavity btwn the dens and the ant tubercle a true jt? | No |
| Jts of Luschka are what type of jt? Why do some not consider them a jt? So what do they call it if its not a jt? | Synovial jt bc there is a jt capsule , there is no synovial sheath Pseudo-jt (motion does occur between the two bony surfaces) |
| Spondylosis: | cervical OA or narrowing of the spinal canal |
| Spondylolysis | defect in the pars articularis |
| Spondylolathesis | slippage |
| Obliques jt angles increase or decrease with successive levels? | c2-c3 45 degrees c7-t1 10 degrees angle decrease |
| What are the facet (apophyseal) jt angle orientation of Cervical Thoracic Lumbar | 45 60 90 |
| Transitional area is located where? What is it prone to? | C7-T1 dysfxn: w/ forward head posture you continue to move the head foward creating a hinge forward |
| describes the plane and direction of movement physiological movement | osteokinimatics |
| describes the relative mvnt btwn articular facets of the apophyseal its accessory motion | Arthrokinematics |
| In cervical jt what does the facet jt guide? what does it limit | SB and rotation extension |
| Which mvnts are pure mvnts in the cervical spine? Why? | Flexion and extension no secondary motion occurs with them like in SB and rot |
| Can you have pure rotation? | no sidebending will always occur with it |
| Type I arthrokinematics of the cervical spine: | C0-C1 SB and rot occur in opposite directions |
| Type II | C2-7 SB and rot occur in the same direction |
| What occurs at C1-C2? Why is it just this? | Rotation bc the are convex on convex |
| What ligament become tight in cervical Extension? Loose? | ALL PLL, Ligumentum Flacum, lig nuchae,, supraspinous, interpinous |
| In cervical extension what are C3-C4 doing? What is the superior articulating facet doing> | Slide down and back also sliding down and back |
| What does the OA jt do in extension? | rolls back and slides forward |
| When you go into flexion what is on slack and what is tight? | ALL is slack the rest are tight |
| What happens in SB to the right what occurs? | Right side down like in ext closes off and left opens like in flexion up and forward |
| OA jt has little bit of of SB what saying helps remember the direction of mint? | Mia has nice Lps SB to the right the the R side goes medial, inferior, anterior |
| Where do you see the most rotation | C1-C2 |
| Rotation in the typical causes | |
| • with R S.B. and L rotation: R occipital condyle moves what direction | MIA (medial, inferior, and anterior) while L occipital condyle moves LPS (lateral, posterior, and superior) |
| What occurs to the neural foramen with flexion extension rotation | flexion: increase extension: decrease Rotation: decrease on the same side increases on the opposite side |
| Why are C6-c7 not as mobile as the rest of the cervical spine? | B/c of the intimate relationship with the thoracic spine |
| Is cervical and lumbar disc the same? | no |
| Herniations will most like involve what? | strain of PLL |
| What is the disc composed of? | Less soft nuclear material it only exist in young adults as we age the nuclear material migrates through horizontal fissures in the annulus |
| 3-dimensional architecture of the cervical annulus fibrosus is more like ______ ___________ ___________ __________ than a ring of fibers surrounding NP | anterior interosseous ligament |
| What are strongly attached to annulus fibrous, weakly attached to the vertebral body | Vertebral end plates (sometimes considered part of the disc) |
| How vertebral bodies similar to the disc what makes the different? | chemically similar they have less water |
| Where is the water located in the end plates? | centrally |
| How does a disc get its nutrients? | through the endplates |
| Lamellae | collagen oriented in opposite directions in sheet or bands (lumbar and thoracic spine) |
| What is the progression of a healthy disc? | healthy--> loss of hght/loosening of log--> disc protrusion--> disc degeneration/ osteophytes formation |
| WHy is ligamentum flavum yellow? | has elastin in it to stretch and recoil |
| Name all the Ligament | ALL PLL suprapinous lig ligamentum flavum intertransverse lig |
| Jefferson's Fx | atlas C1 |
| A0 ligament is continuous with | articular capsule of c0-c1 |
| Anterior alantoaxial lig continuation of what | ALL |
| Posterior alantoaxial continuation of | ligamentum flavum |
| Ligamentum nuchae | thick lig running from the ext occipital protuberance to the SP of C7 |
| Tectorial membrane -continuation of the what | posterior to the transverse ligament continuation of PLL |
| Action of the SCM | Contralateral rot ipsalateral SB |
| What scalene mm attach the 1st rib? what attaches to the 2nd rib what is its insertion what are there actions? | Anterior and middle posterior scalene transverse process contralateral rotation (they go in the direction the Vertebral body rotates) ipsalateral sb |
| What runs through the anterior and middle scalene mm? | Brachial Plexus & subclavian artery |
| What are the deep local neck mm that contribute to spine stability | long collie (anterior) long capitus (anterior) semispin cervical (post) multifidis (post) |
| What the local stabilizers responsible for? | control of external loads and ROM |
| what is the role of the Global mobilizer mms? | control of spinal orientation they produce ROM |
| What is weak in Upper Crossed syndrome | deep neck flexors scapular retractor, stabilizer & depressors |
| What is tight in Upper crossed syndrome? | upper trap levator scap pecs |
| segmental nerve root levels for cervical for thoracic and lumbar | cervical : above thoracic : below (b/c of C8 nn) |
| what are the three critical zone in upper thoracic? | 1. Interscalene triangle 2. Costoclavicular space 3. subpectoral triangle |
| WHat could thoracic outlet be cause from? | scalenes or pec minor |
Created by:
klkoester
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