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Psych 209 Exam 1
Chapter 1 and 2 test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Seemingly effortless cognition is... | Actually complex |
| Reaction Time | The time between presentation of a stimulus and a person's response to it |
| Donder's reaction time experiment | Studied decision making (choice reaction time). |
| First cog. psych experiments made what assumption? | Mental processes could be inferred from the person's behavior |
| Ebbinghaus' memory experiment | Memorized 3-letter nonsense syllables. Memory fades rapidly and then slows. |
| Wilhelm Wundt | Founder of the first laboratory of scientific psychology. |
| Analytic introspection | Training participants to describe their experiences and thoughts when presented with stimuli. |
| John Watson | Introduced behavioralism. Psychology should only focus on observable behavior. |
| "Little Albert" experiment | Conditioning a fear response in a baby with classical conditioning |
| B.F. Skinner was known for... | His research on operant conditioning |
| Cognitive Map | Mental conception of the layout of physical space |
| Noam Chomsky's and Skinner's conflicting views on how language development occurs | Skinner: Learned by imitation and reinforcement when imitation is correct Chomsky: Inborn Programming |
| Decline in behaviorism was partially due to... | Skinner's book "Verbal Behavior" |
| Donald Broadbent | Flow diagram that represented what is happening in the mind: Related to his selective listening experiment |
| Artificial Intelligence | Attempts to make machines that behave in ways similar to human intelligence |
| Cognitive Psychology | Scientific study of the mind |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | The study of the physiological basis of cognition |
| Memory consolidation | The process during which info is strengthened into a strong memory that is resistant to interference |
| Main structural components of a neuron | 1.Cell body 2.Axon 3.Dendrite |
| Receptors | Specialized neural structures that respond to environmental stimuli. Ex. Touch receptors, pain receptors, vision receptors |
| Synapse | The space between the end of an axon and the dendrites or cell body of another neuron |
| Transduction | The transformation of one form of energy into another form of energy |
| Microelectrode | Record electrical activity in a single neuron |
| Localization of function | Specific brain areas are specialized for specific functions. Neurons in different areas of the brain respond best to different stimuli. |
| Distributed processing | Specific functions are processed in many parts of the brain |
| Occipital lobe | Visual information is recieved |
| Temporal lobe | Hearing and identifying objects |
| Parietal lobe | Touch, hot, cold, pain |
| Frontal lobe | Reasoning, voluntary movement, impulse control, language, and attention. |
| Fusiform face area (FFA) | Identifies familiar faces |
| Prosopagnosia | Inablility to recognize familiar faces |
| Parahippocampal place area (PPA) | Activated by indoor and outdoor scenes |
| Extrastriate body area (EBA) | Activated by pictures of bodies and parts of bodies (not faces) |
| Neural circuits | Groups of interconnected neurons which can result in a neuron that responds best to a specific stimulus |
| Action potentials | Electrical potentials that travel down the axon |
| Changing the intensity of a stimulus presented to a receptor... | Increases the rate of firing, not the strength of the action potential |
| Positron emission tomography (PET) | Utilizes radioactive tracer to measure brain activity |
| Brain imaging techniques can and cant... | Can: Determine areas of the brain activated during cognitive tasks. Cant: Determine the structure of individual neurons |
| Hemoglobin is easily detectable by an fMRI because... | The molecules lose oxygen in high brain activity areas which makes them more magnetic. |
| Broca's area | Left frontal lobe. Damage results in slow speech and labored speech. |
| Wernicke's area | Left temporal lobe. Damage results in difficulty understanding speech and speaking understandably. |
| Feature detectors | Neurons that respond to the features that make up objects. |
| Grandmother cells | Responds only to a specifc stimulus. Not supported by cognitive psychologists |
| 4 out of 7 areas that are studied cognitive psychologists | Perception Attention Memory Language Knowledge and how it is stored and organized Problem Solving Reasoning and Decision Making |
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mustafa2812
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