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SK General Diagnosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Patient: Anyone, but kids and elderly are prone Symptoms: Red, burning, itching eyes Circumstances: following contact at daycare, work, school Physical: Conjunctival injection, slight pain, purulent discharge (the lids may stick together) | Bacterial Conjunctivitis |
| Patient:Anyone, often kids Symptoms: red, burning, itching eyes Circumstances: previous co-existing URI Physical: conjunctival injection, slight pain | Viral Conjunctivitis |
| Patient: Adult with narrow corneal angle Symptoms: marked pain, photophobia, dimmed vision and halos Circumstances: Physical: Perilimbal injection, dilated pupils, sluggish pupillary response, increased eyeball tension, disc cupping | Acute Glaucoma |
| Patient: Adults >40 yo Symptoms: Slowly progressing tunnel vision in both eyes Circumstances: Insidious tunnel vision over the course of many years Physical: Obvious tunnel vision checking peripheral vision field of vision, enlarged physiological cup | Chronic Glaucoma |
| Patient: Anyone with genetic defect Symptoms: Night blindness followed by progressive tunnel vision Circumstances: progressive dystrophy beginning during youth Physical: "Bone spicule" retinopathy | Retinitis Pigmentosa |
| Patient: Usually an adult over 55 yo Symptoms: central blurred vision gradually progressing to a central scotoma Circumstances: Physical: Diminished visual acuity | Central Cataract |
| Patient: Adult over 50 yo Symptoms: Slowly progressing central vision loss in one or in both eyes Circumstances: Physical: Altered colour & configuration of the macula/fovea | Macular Degeneration |
| Patient: Anyone, but often children under 5 yo who've had an upper respiratory infection Symptoms: Earaches Circumstances: Physical: Fever, diminished hearing, red & bulging eardrum with possible purulent discharge | Suppurative Otitis Media |
| Patient: Adults Symptoms: 1-3 weeks of pain over the affected sinus, possible stained mucopurulent discharge, cervical adenopathy, sometimes fever Circumstances: Secondary to colds and allergies Physical: Sensitive to digital pressure, no transillumin | Sinusitis |
| Patient: Commonly children but anyone Symptoms: Sore throat lasting 7 days more or less Circumstances: exposure in daycare, school or work Physical: Red throat & swollen glands | Acute Pharyngitis |
| Patient: Commonly children but anyone Symptoms: Sudden, sore throat Circumstances: Physical: Fever, red throat, exudate in the tonsillar follicles or covering the tonsils | Tonsillitis (Strep Throat) |
| Patient: Children <15 yo but anybody Symptoms: Sore throat, low grade fever Circumstances: Exposure 2-4 days previously Physical: Grey adherent membrane of the tonsils, pharynx & or nose | Diptheria |
| Patient: Teen or young adult Symptoms: sore throat & listless Circumstances: sometimes after exposure "kissing disease" Physical: Swollen tonsils, lymph glands & spleen What is its two names? | Mononucleosis (Epstien Barr Virus) |
| Patient: Preschoolers mostly, but anyone Symptoms: Fever, dyspnes & cough Circumstances: Often secondary to a URI Physical: Coarse crackles * no other chest findings | Acute Bronchitis |
| Patient: Unimmunized child Symptoms: Persisted, nocturnal cough & fever Circumstances: 1-2 weeks later, the coughing spasms cause the kid to turn red or blue in the face (stridor) Physical: 2 Names | Whooping Cough (Pertussis) |
| Patient: Unimmunized child under 10 yo Symptoms: cough, conjunctivitis and fever before a rash Circumstances: Koplik spots 1-2 days before the onset of a maculopapular rash Physical: Typical rash pattern, may have lung crackles | Measles |
| Patient: Young & old are at greatest risk Symptoms: Sudden onset of high fever, sore throat, dry cough that become productive within a couple of days & intense headache and body ache Circumstances: Physical: Possible crackles & wheezes | Influenza |
| Patient: Young and old Symptoms: Persistent cough, dyspnea, fever, malaise Circumstances: Preceding URI, fever last more that 4 days Physical: Few findings | Viral Pneumonia |
| Patient: Anybody with low resistance Symptoms: sudden cough, rusty sputum, dyspnea, fever and possible pleurisy Circumstances: Worst is over in 7-10 days by antibiotics, full recovery w/i a month Physical: incr. resp & heart rate, consolidation | Lobar Pneumonia |
| Patient: 50 yo Symptoms: chronic productive cough Circumstances: exposure to ciggs/pollution Physical: crackles and wheezes, chronic cough, blood streaked sputum, blue-ish skin | Chronic Bronchitis |
| Patient: >40 yo Symptoms: dyspnea & eventual barrel chest Circumstances: smoking/ chronic lung infection Physical: Decr. fremitus, breath, diaphragmatic mvmnt Hyperres percussion pink face | Emphysema |
| Patient: Pt w/ phlebitis, valvular heart disease, bed ridden, prolonged sitting, post surg Symptoms: sudden chest pain, cough, dyspnea Circumstances: Physical: few crackles | Pulmonary Embolus/Infarction |
| Patient: Middle age/older, overwt, smoker, diabetic, hi BP, hi LDL, claudication, Hx of atheroscl/angina/infarct Symptoms: Severe, continuous substernal pain radiating dwn arms/neck/jaw Physical: Shallow, rapid/irreg pulse, drop in BP | Myocardial Infarct |
| Patient: Middle age/older, overwt, smoker, diabetic, hi BP, hi LDL, claudication, Hx of atheroscl/angina/infarct Symptoms: substernal tightness, epigastric discomfort Circumstances: emotional or exertional stress Physical: nothing notable | Angina Pectoris (Coronary Artery Disease) |
| Patient: Anyone Symptoms: Pain in the center of the chest Circumstances: Usually following viral infection like mono or flu Physical: May radiate into neck & shoulder, friction rub in sync with heart rate | Pericarditis |
| Patient: Adult with phebitis, valvular disease, bed ridden, prolonged sitting, post surgery Symptoms: sudden chest pain, cough and dyspnea Circumstances: lungs return to normal in 2-4 weeks Physical: a few crackles | Pulmonary Embolus/Infarction |
| Patient: 50 or >, overwt, smoker, diabetic, hi BP/LDL, claudication, Hx of atheroscl/angina/infarct Symptoms: sudden excruciating pain across the chest or b/w the shldr blades,described as tearing or rip Circumstances: long hypertension Physical: None | Dissecting Anneurysm |
| Patient:50 or >, overwt, smoker, Hx chronic bronchitis/emphysema, rhematic fever, endo/myocard, Rt heart infarct Symptoms: fatigue, dyspnea, ankle & leg edema Physical: Pitting edema, murmur, precordial heave, displaced apical impulse | Rt Sided Chronic Heart Failure |
| Diastolic Murmurs caused by | ARMS & PRTS Aortic Regug Mitral Stenosis Pulmonic Regurg Tricuspid Stenosis |
| Systolic Murmurs caused by | ASMR & PSTR Aortic Stenosis Mitral Regurg Pulmonic Stenosis Tricuspid Regurg |
| Pain like a heart attack unless patient leans forward | Pericardial Friction rub |
| Patient: 50 or >, ovrwt, smoker, hi BP/LDL, Diabetic, athero, claudication, Hx rheumatic fever, endo/myocarditis, angina, infarct affecting Lt heart Symptoms: fatigue, dyspnea, cough Physical: Bibasilar crackles, precordial heave, displaced apical impul | Lt Sided Chronic Heart Failure |
| Patient: Anybody Symptoms: Mild ache around umbilicus, worsens w/ peristalsis, nausea, vomit, diahrrea Circumstances: 90% due to viral infection, otherwise food poison, inc. alcohol, parasites, preg Physical: Hi clicks and gurgles | Acute Gastroenteritis |
| Patient: 15-35 yo Symptoms: Episodes of diahrrea & abdominal pain that vary with each pt., fever Course and duration: Chronic autoimmune response Physical: Abdominal tenderness, skip lesions, anorexia, no relief w/ defecation 2 Names | Crohn's Disease/ Regional Enteritis |
| Patient: Young adult Symptoms: Reccurent bouts of diahhrea (20-30 days) assoc blood/pus/mucus Course/ Duration: Chronic Physical: Slight Abd pain, wt loss, no relief with defecation, toxic megacolon (Incr. Risk of colon cancer) | Ulcerative Colitis |
| Patient: Anybody Symptoms: Diahrrea w/ pus/vomit/leg cramps Course/Duration: Can be fatal w/i 24 hrs Physical: Dehydration * shock (drop in BP) | Cholera |
| Patient: Male over 50 Symptoms: Insidious onset progressing to colicky abd pain, constipation, stools (pencil thin stool) occasionally diahrrea with mucus/blood Physical: Palpable abdominal mass | Gastroesophageal Refulx Disease (GERD) |
| Patient: Female, Fat, Flatulent, Forty or more Symptoms: Extended period of recurrent, vague feelings of indigestion, bloating, flatulent not relieved by antacids Physical: RUQ tenderness & Murphy's sign, possible jaundice * Worse when eating fatty | Chronic Cholecystitis |
| Patient: over 40 Symptoms: recurrent episodes of sudden, severe LLQ pain w/ assoc diahrrea & rectal bleeding Course: 1-3 days Physical: LLQ tenderness * guarding | Diverticulitis |
| Patient: Any male, overwt, hx of coughing, sneezing, straining Symptoms: report of pain & swelling in the area of internal inguinal ring Physical: cough induced palpable mass against ext inguinal ring, pain and a visible mass eventually | Indirect Inguinal Hernia |
| Patient: Older males, overwt, hx of coughing, sneezing, straining Symptoms: Minimal pain and swelling medial to external inguinal ring Course: slow & silent til its painful or apparent Physical: cough induced palpable mass against ext inguinal ring, pa | Direct Inguinal Hernia |
| Patient: Female, overwt & prev preg Symptoms: pain &/or swelling in area Circumstances: cough induced palpable mass below mid inguinal lig Physical: | Femoral Hernia |
| Patient: Anyone Symptoms: Painless swelling of belly button Circumstances: Congenital Physical: Visible, palpable mass most apparent with incr. abd pressure | Umbilical Hernia |
| Patient: mid aged woman and elderly Symptoms: pain from acid reflux, 1-4 hrs after eating, night time substernal pain & epigastric pain, belching Physical:None * Reclining and heavy meals make symp worse | Hiatal (Diaphragmatic) Hernia with Acid Reflux |
| Patient: more commonly men over 60, smoking, diabetes, hi BP Symptoms: no symptoms unless it is a rapid tear --> boring mid abd pain radiating to back Physical: Careful palpation may reveal wide pulse, decr femoral pulse | Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm |
| Patient: Women Symptoms: polyuria, nocturia, dysuria, hematuria Circumstances: secondary to urethral contamination with E Coli Physical: Pain over pubis | Cystitis (UTI) |
| Patient: Kids under 5yo, sexually active, elderly women Symptoms: fever, polyuria, nocturia, dysuria, flank pain Circumstances: following cystitis Physical: flank is tender on palpation, costovertebral angle tenderness & positive murphy's | Acute Pyelonephritis |
| Patient: Boys Symptoms: General malaise, oliguria & painless hematuria Circumstances: 1-4 weeks after strep throat Physical: Periorbital edema & hypertension | Acute Glomerulonephritis |
| Patient: Men over 50 Symptoms: Noctuia, polyuria, urgency, hesitancy, decr. force and dibbling Circumstances: Insidious Physical: DRE may reveal posterior lobes to be swollen, tender, nodular | Prostatic Hypertrophy |
| Patient: Sexually Active people Symptoms: Female - dysuria, vaginal discharge, abd/back pain. Males - dysuria, mucoid discharge Circumstances: 1-3 wks post infection Physical: None | Chlamydia |
| Patient: Sexually active people Symptoms:Male - dysuria, yellow discharge. Most women have no symp Circumstances: 5-30 days post infection Physical: NONE | Gonorrhea |
| Patient: Preg women Symptoms: 50% asymptomatic, grayish/yellowish- white discharge w/o inflamm Physical: hx & discharge | Bacterial Vaginitis |
| Patient: Women Symptoms: vaginal itching, odorless, thick, cottage cheese-like discharge PREceding menses Physical: Hx, Inflamed vulva and discharge | Yeast Infection |
| Patient: Symptoms: Circumstances: Physical: | |
| Most common STD | Chlamydia |
| Infection of uterus or fallopian tubed secondary to chlymidia or gonorrhea. Symp: lower abd pain, foul smelling vag discharge, irregular menstrual bleed, painful urination/sex | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
| Patient: Women Symptoms: copious, frothy, greenish-yellow discharge, pain & irritation FOLLOWING menses Physical: Hx, Red/Strawberry cervix & discharge | Trichomonas (Vaginitis) |
| Patient: Sexually active ppl Symptoms: Painful vesicle which break, crust and heal over several days, dysuria Circumstances: 7 days post contact Physical: Hx, and vesicles | Genital Herpes |
| Chonic Right sided heart fail symptoms | Fatigue Dyspnea Ankle Edema leading to jugular distension and ascites |
| Chonic Left sided heart fail symptoms | Fatigue, dyspnea, cough, orthopnea |
| Right heart fail is usually caused by | Lung problem due to Left heart fail |
| Recurrent episodes of yeast infection can suggest.... | Underlying immunodeficiency or diabetes |
| Auscultation Level: Aortic | 2nd Rt ICS nxt to sternum |
| Auscultation Level: Pulmonic | 2nd Lt ICS nxt to sternum |
| Auscultation Level: Tricuspid | 5th Lt ICS nxt to sternum |
| Auscultation Level: Mitral | 5th Lt ICS at mid clavicular line |
| Liver: Lumpy border | Liver Cancer |
| Liver: Hard feeling | Cirrhosis |
| Liver Tender | Hepatitis |
| Liver: Tender mass in right mid clavicular line | Cholecystitis |
| 1-3 wks after exposure - multiple chancres appear at site of infection (genitals) The chancre is painless but swollen inguinal lymph appears soon after | Primary Syphilis |
| Non-itchy rash (macular-papular) on palms, soles of feetl. Genital warts and spotty alopecia of scalp | Secondary Syphilis |
| 20 yrs after onset, organ problems. Skin shows gummas and ulcerations | Tertiary Syphilis |
| Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts working too much | Pagets/ Osteitis Deformans |
| DIP joint is assoc with which node and disease? | OA |
| PIP joint is assoc with which node and disease? | OA or RA |
| MCP joint is assoc with which node and disease? | RA |
| Ulnar N damage causes | Clawhand |
| The Medial Plantar N goes through the | Tarsal tunnel |
| The Mendian N goes through the | Carpal tunnel |
| The Ulnar N goes through the | Tunnel of Guyon |
| The Sciatic N pierces the | Piriformis |
| The snuffbox consists of | Extensor Pollicus Longus Extensor Pollicus Brevis Abductor Pollicus Longus Floor - Scaphoid |
| Right ventricular enlargement secondary to lung malfunction is called | Cor Pulmonale |
| Tetralogy of Fallot | Dextrorotation of the aorta Right ventricular hypertrophy Intraventricular septal defect Pulmonary artery stenosis |
| Macrocytic Normochromic Anemia | Decr. B12/Folate |
| Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia | Decr. Iron and chronic hemorrhage |
| Impaired esophageal peristalsis/lower esophageal sphincter contraction 20-40, dysphagia, chest pain, regurgitation, nocturnal cough | Achalasia |
| Mucosal membrane across lumen | Plummer Vinson/Paterson-Kelly |
| Varicosities in the esophagus, portal hypertension | Esophageal Varicies |
| Incompetence of lower esophageal sphincter, reflux, Barretts esophagus | Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD) |
| Outpouching of the mucosa and submucosa, fills with food, possible regurgitation when bending or lying down, bad breath | Esophageal Diverticula |
| Laceration of distal esophagus and proximal stomach during vomiting, hiccups, hemorrhage, alcoholics | Mallory-Weiss |
| Most common location for ulcers | Duodenal |
| Gastric ulcers are usually caused by | Helicobacter pylori and NSAIDS |
| Inflammation of liver | Hepatitis |
| Nutmeg liver | Cirrhosis |
| Aggressive peptic ulcer/tumor. Can perforate through lining | Zollinger-Ellison |
| Ptosis, Meiosis (pupil constriction), Anhydrosis (decr. face sweat), pancoast tumor | Horners Syndrome |
| Clubbing of the nails | Lung cancer |
| Causes of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome | Infections, near-drowning, radiation therapy, shock, sepsis, burns, fractures, acute pancreatitis, hemodialysis, bypass, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis |
| Goodpasture's Syndrome affects which two organs | Lungs and Kidneys |
| An Increase in Growth Hormone before growth plate closure causes | Gigantism |
| An Increase in Growth Hormone after growth plate closure causes | Acromegaly |
| An Increase in Thyroid Stimulating Hormone causes | Hyperthyroidism (aka Grave's Disease) |
| Enlarged neck glands, wt loss, constant hunger, nervousness, tremors, fatigue, heat intolerance, diarrhea, exopthalmos, hypertension | Graves (Hyperthyroidism) |
| An Increase in Adenocorticotrophic Hormone causes | Hyperadrenalism (aka Cushings) |
| Moon face, hirsuitism, purple striae, wt gain, hypertension, buffalo hump | Cushings (Hyperadrenalism) |
| A decrease in growth hormone causes | Dwarfism |
| A decrease in thyroid stimulating hormone causes | Hypothyroidism (aka Addisons) |
| fatigue, lightheadedness when standing/upright, weakness, fever, wt loss, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, sweating, changes in mood and personality, and joint and muscle pains, craving for salty foods, | Addisons (Hypothyroidism) |
| A decrease in MSH | Light skin/ Albinism |
| Immunity cell: Liver | Kupfer cells |
| Immunity cell: Alveoli | Alveolar macrophages |
| Immunity cell: Brain | Microglial cells |
| Immunity cell: Tissue | Histocytes |
| Immunity cell: Lungs | Dust Cells |
| Immunoglobulin: Milk, membrane | IgA |
| Immunoglobulin: 320 000 | IgA |
| Immunoglobulin: Smallest, most numerous | IgG |
| Immunoglobulin: 150 000 | IgG |
| Immunoglobulin: Allergies, parasites | IgE |
| Immunoglobulin: 200 000 | IgE |
| Immunoglobulin: First response, largest | IgM |
| Immunoglobulin: 900 000 | IgM |
| Cell for humoral immunity | B cell found in spleen, tonsils, lymph, GI, bone marrow |
| Cell for cellular immunity | T cell found in thymus |
| WBC: Bacterial infection, acute infection, phagocytic | Neutrophil |
| WBC: Viral infection, chronic disease | Lymphocyte |
| WBC: Chronic infection | Monocyte |
| WBC: Parasitic, allergy | Eiosinophil |
| WBC: Makes heparin and histamine | Basophil |
| Reed sternberg cells, Ivory white vertebra, relapsing fever | Hodgkin`s Lymphoma |
| 3 conditions that show ivory white vertebra | 1. Mets 2. Pagets 3. Hodgkins |
| Leukemia: MC in children, starry cell | ALL (Acute Lymphocytic) |
| Leukemia: Children, less common | CML |
| CLL | |
| CML | |
| Tumor: Glandular Tissue Benign or Malig? | Adenoma |
| Primary bone tumor of OLD | Multiple Myeloma |
| Primary bone tumor of YOUNG in Metaphysis | Osteosarcoma |
| Primary bone tumor of OLD in Diaphysis | Chondrosarcoma |
| Primary bone tumor of YOUNG in Diaphysis | Ewing's Sarcoma |
| Benign Tumors of the Epiphysis | Chondroblastoma Giant Cell Tumor |
| Giant cell tumor is MC found in | Knee |
| Benign Tumors of the Metaphysis | Osteoblastoma Osteochondroma Non-Ossifying Fibroma Osteoid Osteoma Chondromyxoid Fibroma |
| Benign Tumors of the Diaphysis | Enchondroma Fibrous Dysplasia |
| Malignant Tumors of the Diaphysis | Ewing's Sarcoma Chondrosarcoma |
| Malignant Tumors of the Metaphysis | Osteosarcoma |
| Narrowing jt spaces, subchondral sclerosis, osteoblasitc activity | Osteoarthritis/DJD |
| Female 20-40 yo, symmetrical pannus, ulnar deviation, inflammation of synovium, affects limbs and cervicals, morning stiffness | Rheumatoid Arthritis |
| Adult Male STD, Chlamydia, conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthitis | Reiters |
| Arthritis, peroneal muscle atrophy | Charcot Joint |
| Silver scales, pitted nails, found on extensors, pencil-cup deformity | Psoriatic Arthritis |
| Tophi (ear), Podagra (big toe), Purine metabolism problem, Uric acid crystals | Gout |
| Calcium pyrophosphate crystals, knee | Pseudogout (CPPD) |
| Symmetrical arthritis in SI jts, young males, bamboo spine, HLA-B27, breathing difficulties, shiny corner, trolly tracks, dagger sign | Ankylosing Spondylitis |
| Males over 50, ALL calcification, cervical pain, stiffness, decreased ROM | DISH/Forresters |
| Lesion of the median nerve results in what symptoms | Inability to flex the thumb, index and middle finger at MC-Phalangeal jt |
| Lesion of the median nerve is called | Ape Hand |
| Lesion of the Ulnar nerve results in what symptoms | inability to flex distal interphalangeal jts of 4th -5th digits Sensory loss of the medial 1.5 digits |
| Lesion of the ulnar nerve is called | Claw hand |
| Lesions of the radial nerve results in what symptoms | loss of extension |
| Lesion of the radial n is called | Wrist drop |
| Patient with: Resting tremor/Brady Kinesia/Cog-wheel rigidity/ Shuffling gait/ Masked face | Parkinson's |
| Patient with Lewy Bodies | Parkinson's |
| AKA of Paralysis Agitans | Parkinson's |
| Problem with dopamine in basal ganglia | Parkinson's |
| Patient with: Charcot's triad/ Parasthesia/ Incr DTR/ Vertigo | MS |
| Charcot's Triad | Scanning speech, Intention tremor, Nystagmus |
| Demyelination of the CNS with relapse/remission periods | MS |
| Patient with: Weakness that worseens with exercise/extra-occular weakness/Normal DTR | Myasthenia Gravis |
| Decrease in Ach receptors due to formation of antibodies that block them/ Excess Cholinesterase/ Thymic Enlargement | Myasthenia Gravis |
| AKA of Lou Gherig's | ALS |
| Disease affecting the Anterior horn and corticospinal tracts | ALS |
| UMNL of the lower ext and LMNL of the upper ext | ALS |
| Patient with: Clumsiness/muscle cramps/weakness (esp. thenar eminence)/fasciculations | ALS |
| Patient with: loss of pain and temperature/ cape-like distribution of pins and needles | Syringomyelia |
| Cyst-like formation in in the central canal of the spinal cord | Syringomyelia |
| Disease with deficiency of GABA (Basal ganglia affected) | Huntington's Chorea |
| Condition: Argyll-Robertson pupil – constricts, converges, but no response to light | Neurosyphilis |
| Condition: CT disorder showing proximal muscle weakness; systemic CT disorder | Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis |
| Silver scales, pitted nails, mainly in extensors | Psroiatic Arthritis |
| Quebec Task Force | Acute = 0-7d (1 week); subacute = 7-50d (1-7 weeks); chronic = > 50d (> 7 weeks) |
| The inferior vena cava passes thru the diaphragm at | T8 |
| The esophagus passes thru the diaphragm at | T10 |
| The aorta passes thru the diaphragm at | T12 |
| CREST syndrome – Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophageal abnormality, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasis; multiorgan disease (kidneys, skin, esophagus, GI); more common in middle-aged females; check ADI on X-ray | Scleroderma |
| CREST Syndrome | Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophageal abnormality, Sclerodactyly, Telangiectasis |
| Swelling of semimembranosus bursa | Baker’s Cyst |
| COndition: Proximal muscle weakness; systemic autoimmune disorder; high ANA levels; commonly affects kidneys – kidney problem + pathological fracture – think SLE; malar rash; ADI! | SLE |
| Condition: Microcephaly, short stature, mental retardation, epicanthal folds, large protruding tongue, simian crease, congenital heart disease (commonly ventricular septum, A-V canal); develop Alzheimer’s in old age | Down Syndrome |
| Trisomy 21 | Down Syndrome |
| Branchial Arches: 1 | CN V (mandibular) – malleus/incus (Meckel’s cartilage), mandible, maxilla, muscles of mastication |
| Branchial Arches: 2 | CN VII (hyoid) – stapes, upper hyoid bone, styloid process, muscles of facial expression |
| Branchial Arches: 3 | IX (thyro-hyoid) – lower hyoid, stylopharyngeus ONLY |
| Branchial Arches: 4/5/6 | CN X – thyroid/cricoid cartilage, tracheal rings, pharyngeal muscles |
| Condition: 1 = dysfunction phase – facet synovitis [circumferential and radial tears in disc] 2 = unstable phase [internal disc disruption & resorption] 3 = stabilization phase – osteophyte formation [ decr disc height] | Kirkaldy-Willis Stages |
| Condition: Glycogen storage disorder; glucose-6-phosphate deficiency; onset birth-3mos | Von Gierke’s Disease |
| Cells that create Testosterone | Leydig cells |
| Cells that create sperm | Sertoli cells |
| Condition: X-linked inheritance; Gower’s sign; in child: late sitting/standing/walking; Incr lordosis; waddling gait; rare to live past early 30s | Duchenne’s MD |
| Condition: X-linked recessive; same proximal weakness as DMD, but prolonged; patients live longer; S/S appear after age 5; calf hypertrophy | Becker’s MD |
| Condition: RV enlargement 2 to a lung disorder (NOT LV hypertrophy, congenital or valve disease) that causes pulmonary hypertension; present with exertional dyspnea, angina-like pain | Cor Pulmonale |
| Acute Cor Pulmonale due to | Pulmonary embolus |
| Chronic Pulmonale due to | COPD |
| Postpartum pituitary malfunction no lactation or resumption of menstruation | Sheehan’s Syndrome |
| When does this childhood milestone occur? Prone to supine | 3.5mo |
| When does this childhood milestone occur? Supine to prone | 4.5mo |
| When does this childhood milestone occur? Sit unsupported | 6mo |
| When does this childhood milestone occur? Crawl | 8mo |
| When does this childhood milestone occur? Pull-up | 8.5mo |
| When does this childhood milestone occur? Walk | 12mo |
| Severe gastric ulcers; gastric hypersecretion; Incr plasma gastrin; gastrinoma of the pancreas or duodenum | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome |
| Congenital; 1) pulmonic stenosis 2) ventricular septal defect 3) malposition of aorta 4) RV hypertrophy; primary symptoms are cyanosis and hypoxia; “boot shaped heart” - xray | Tetralogy of Fallot |
| Incr dopamine causes what mental disroder | Schizophrenia |
| Femoral Triangle | SUP: Inguinal ligament, MED: Adductor longus, LAT: Sartorius FLOOR, medial to lateral: pectineus, iliopsoas COVERING: fascia lata and cribiform fascia CONTENTS: femoral n. and its branches, femoral sheath, femoral a. |
| Celiac Trunk/Artery Branches | Branches: L. gastric a., splenic a., short gastric a., L. gastroepiploic a. |
| AKA hepatolenticular degeneration; Decr ceruloplasmin = accumulation of copper in liver, then released and accumulates in other tissues; causes tremors, rigidity, dysphagia, dementia, cirrhosis, hemolytic anemia; Kayser-Fleischer rings (sclera) | Wilson’s Disease |
| Uterine tissue outside of uterus; most commonly on serosa of ovaries but can occur anywhere | Endometriosis |
| Benign tumours seen in young women; circumscribed and mobile to palpation | Fibroadenoma |
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