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Grammar/Syntax Terms
AP language terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| SYNTAX | way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, sentences |
| INVERTED SYNTAX | sentence constructed so that the predicate comes before the subject for effect Ex. In the woods I am walking |
| ANTECEDENT | word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun Ex. The CRITIQUE of Plato's Republic was written from a contemporary point of view. IT was an in-depth analysis of Plato's opinions about possible governmental forms. |
| CLAUSE | grammatical unit containing subject AND verb. Independent and dependent |
| LOOSE SENTENCE | type of sentence in which main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units (phrases and clauses) Ex. I arrived at San Diego Airport after a long, bumpy road and multiple delays |
| PARALLELISM | grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity. Attracts the reader's attention, adds emphasis and organization, or rhythm Ex. "Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we..." JFK |
| PERIODIC SENTENCE | sentence that presents central meaning in a main clause at the end. Ind. clause preceded by phrase or dependent clause. Adds emphasis and variety Ex. After a long, bumpy flight and multiple delays, I arrived at San Diego Airport |
| PREDICATE ADJECTIVE | adjective that follows linking verb and compliments subject |
| PREDICATE NOMINATIVE | noun that follows linking verb and renames subject |
| SUBORDINATE CLAUSE | group of words with subject and verb that cannot stand alone |
| SENTENCE STRUCTURE | the manner in which grammatical elements are arranged in a sentence. Although there are endless varieties of sentence, each is a variation on one of the three basic structures: simple, compound, complex, compound-complex |
| SIMPLE SENTENCE | contains a subject and a verb along with modifiers and perhaps an object Ex. I hope you are enjoying your summer |
| COMPOUND SENTENCE | it consists of two or more simple sentences liked by a coordinating conjunction such as AND or BUT Ex. I hope you are enjoying your summer, and I hope you are making the most of your time |
| COMPLEX SENTENCE | it is made up of an independent, or main, clause and any number of dependent or subordinate clauses Ex. While there is so much to do within the summer, there is some more time for relaxation |
| COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE | it is made up of two independent, or main clauses, a conjunction, and one or more dependent or subordinate clauses Ex. While there is so much to do within the summer, there is some more time for relaxation, yet I cannot wait to meet/see you! |
| ACTIVE VERB | the subject of the sentence is doing something Ex. They carried the flotation devices out to the pool and laid them across the water |
| PASSIVE VERB | something is being done to the subject of the sentence Ex. the flotation devices were being carried out to the pool and laid across the water |
| SUBJECT COMPLIMENT | the word (with any accompanying phrases) or clauses that follow a linking verb and complements/completes the subj of the sentence by 1.remaining it or 2.describing it. The former is technically called a predicate nominative, the latter a predicate adj -Ex |
| HOMONYM | word that is identical in form with another word either in sound or spelling but differs from it in meaning Ex. days/daze, lead/lead |
| HOMOPHONE | a word that is pronounced in the same way as another word but differs in meaning and or spelling. Thus, a kind of homonym Ex. Maid/made, left/left |
Created by:
randomosity123
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