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Sciencefinalexamcard
All the vocab 4 science in the 3rd and 4th quarterita
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is sexual reproduction | A type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from 2 different cells combine, producing an offspring |
| What is an egg | Female sex cell |
| What is a sperm | Male sex cell |
| What is fertilization | egg and sperm cell join together |
| What is a zygote | the new cell that forms from fertilization |
| What is diploid cells | cells that have pairs of chromosomes |
| What is homologous chromosomes | Pairs of Chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order |
| What is haploid cells | cells that only have one chrosome from each pair |
| What is Meiosis | One diploid cell divides and makes 4 haploid cells |
| What is Asexual reproduction | One parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and fertilization |
| What is fissiom | cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells |
| What is Budding | A new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent |
| What is Regeneration | offspring grows from a piece of its parent |
| What is Vegatitive Reproduction | asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from a part of a parent plant |
| What is Cloning | Asexual reproduction preformed in a lab that roduces identical individuals |
| What is Heredity | the passing of traits from parent to offspring |
| What is Genetics | the study of how traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| What is a Dominant Trait | A genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor |
| What is a Recissive Trait | a genetic factor that is blocked by the presence of a dominaant factor |
| What is a Gene | a section on a chrosome that has genetic information for one trait |
| What is a Alelle | The different forms of a gene |
| What is a Phenotype | how a trait appears |
| What is a Genotype | 2 alleles that control a phenotype of a trait |
| What is a Hozogygous | When 2 alleles of a gene are the same, its genotype is homozygous |
| What is a Heterozygous | 2 Alleles of a gene are different |
| What is a Punnett Square | A model used to predict all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of an offspring |
| What is Inconplete Dominance | The offsprings phenotype is a combination of the parents phenotype |
| What is Codominance | When both of the alleles can be observed in a phenoype |
| What is Polygenic Inheritance | thus occurs when multiple genes determine the phenotype of a trait |
| What is DNA | An organisms genetic material |
| What is a Nucleotide | A molecule made in a nitrogen base |
| What is Replication | thus be the process of copying one DNA molecle to make another DNA molecule |
| What is RNA | a type of nucleic acid that carries the code for making protiens from the nucleus to the cytoplasm |
| What is Transcription | making mRNA from DNA |
| What is Translation | the process form making a protien from RNA |
| What is Mutation | a change of a nucleotide sequence of a gene |
| What is the Fossil Record | Made up of all the fossils on earth |
| What is a Mold | the impression of an organism in a rock |
| What is a Cast | a fossil copy of an organism in a rock |
| What is a Trace Fossil | the preserved evidence of the activity of an organism |
| What is The Geologic Time Scale | a chart that divides earths history into different time units |
| What is Extinction | the last organism of a species dies |
| What is Biological Evolution | the change over time in populations of related organisms |
| What is a Naturalist | a person who studies plants and animals by observing them |
| What is a Variation | a slight difference in an inherited trait of individual members of a species |
| What is Natural selection | thusbeman the process by which populations of organisms with variations that help them survive in their environments live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those who do not have the variations |
| What is Adaptation | AN inherited trait that increases the organisms chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment |
| What is Camoflauge | enables species to blend in with its environemnt |
| What is Mimicry | The resemblence of one species to another |
| What is Selective Breeding | the breeding of organisms for desired charectirestics |
| What is Comparitive Anatomy | the study of similatiries and differeces among all living things |
| What is Homolougous Structures | body parts of organisms that are similar in structure and position but different in function |
| What is Analougous Structures | body parts that differ in structure but are similar functionnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnie |
| What is Vestigial Structures | body parts that have lost their original function due to evolution |
| What is Embryology | The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth |
| What is Bacteria | microscopic prokaryotes |
| What is Flagella | Many bacteria have long whiplike structures- these are flagella |
| What is Fission | Cell division that forms two genitically identical cells |
| What is Conjugation | two bacteria of the same species attatch to eachother and combine genetic material |
| What is An Endospore | forms when a bacterium forms a thick internal wall around its chromosome and part of the cytoplasm |
| What is Decomposition | the breaking down of dead organisms and organic waste |
| What is Nitrogen Fixation | the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that are usbale by living things |
| What is Bioremediation | the use of organisms, such as bacteria, to clean up environmental pollution |
| What is Pathogens | agents that cause disease |
| What is Antibiotics | medicines that stoop the growth and rperoduction of bacteria |
| What is Pasteurization | heating food to kill harmful bacteriaikaiaiifnsa |
| What is a Virus | a strand or DNA/RNA surrounded by a layer of protien that can infect and replicate a host cell |
| What is an Antibody | a protien that can attatch to a pathogen to make it useless |
| What is a Vaccine | A mixture containing stuff from a deactivated virus |
| What is a Protist | a member of a group of eukaryotic organisms, which have a membrane bound nucleus |
| What is Algae | plantlike protists that produe food thru photosynthesis using light,, energy, and carboon dioxide |
| What is a Diatom | a type of microscopic plantlike protist with a hard outer wall |
| What is a Protozoan | Protists that resemble tiny animals |
| What is a Cilia | short, hairlike structures that grow on the surface of some protists |
| What is a Parameium | a protist with two types of nuclei and cilia |
| What is an Amoeba | one common sarcodine with an unusual adaptation for movement and getting nutrients |
| What is a Pseudopod | A false foot that froms as the organism pushes part of its body forward |
| What is Hyphae | absorb minerals and water- form long, threadlike structurees |
| What is Mycelium | The network of Hyphae |
| Purple | Packet is the rest of the terms |
Created by:
colevincent
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