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Medterm Final Review
Medical terminology Clinical Review
| question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gastrectomy | Gastric Resection |
| Osteitis | inflammation of a bone |
| cystoscopy | visual examination of the urinary bladder |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| Which of the following is not an endocrine gland | ovary |
| iatrogenic | pertaining to produced by treatment |
| electroencephalogram | record of electricity in the brain |
| diagnosis | is made on the basis of complete knowledge about the patients condition |
| cancerous tumor | carcinoma |
| microscopic examination of living tissue | biopsy |
| pertaining to the largest part of the brain | cerebral |
| removal of a gland | adenectomy |
| decrease in red blood cells | anemia |
| pathologist | one who performs autopsies and reads biopsies |
| pain in the joint | arthralgia |
| increase in number of malignant white blood cells | leukemia |
| instrument to view the eye | opthalmoscope |
| a platelet | thrombocyte |
| abnormal condition of the mind | psychosis |
| inflammation of the nose | rhinitis |
| study of cells | cytology |
| pertaining to through the liver | transhepatic |
| abnormal condition of the kidneys | nephrosis |
| incision of a bone | osteotomy |
| high levels of sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia |
| the process by which food is burned to release energy | catabolism |
| part of the cell where formation of proteins occur | endoplasmic reticulum |
| sum of the chemical processes in a cell | metabolism |
| picture of nuclear structures arranged in numerical order | karyotype |
| part of a cell where catanolism primarily occurs | mitochondria |
| allows material to pass into and out of the cell | cell membrane |
| genes are composed of | deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) |
| muscular wall separating the abdmonal and thoracis cavities | diaphragm |
| the pace in the chest between the lungs is | mediastinum |
| adipose | fat |
| throat | pharynx |
| sarcoma | malignant tumor of flesh tissue |
| craniotomy | incision of the skull |
| a histologist studies.. | tissues |
| an epithelial cell is | skin cell |
| the pleural cavity is | space between the membranes around the lungs |
| viscera | internal organs |
| the pituitary gland is in which body cavity | cranial |
| voice box | larynx |
| the tailbone | coccyx |
| supine means | laying on back |
| the upper lateral regions of the abdomen beneath the ribs are | hypochondraic regions |
| The RUQ contains the | liver |
| pertaining to a plane that divides the body into right and left portions | sagittal |
| a disk is | a piece of cartilage between backbones |
| amniocentesis | surgical puncture to remove fluid from the sac around the embryo |
| inflammation of lymph tissue in the throat | tonsillitis |
| prolapse | -ptosis |
| blood is held back from and area | ischemia |
| death | necr/o |
| acromegaly | englargement of extremeties after puberty due ti pituitary gland problem |
| pain in the ear | otalgia |
| continuing over a long period of time | chronic |
| small artery | arteriole |
| instrument to visually examine | -scope |
| hernia of the urinary bladder | cystocele |
| tumor of bone marrow | multiple myeloma |
| x-ray record of spinal cord | myelogram |
| berry-shaped- bacteria | -cocci |
| neutrophil | polymorphonuclear leukocyte |
| instrument to record | -graph |
| resmebling | -oid |
| an eosinophil is | leukocyte |
| removal of the voice box | layngectomy |
| angioplasty means | surgical repair of blood vessel |
| a blood cell that produces antibodies | lymphocyte |
| the opposite of -malacia | sclerosis |
| excessive development | hypertophy |
| treatment | -therapy |
| surgical creation of a permanent opening to the outside of the body | -stomy |
| pertaining to between the ribs | intracostal |
| pertaining to the opposite side | conralateral |
| protrusion of an eyeball | exophthalmos |
| a congenital anomaly | syndactyly |
| symbiosis | parasitism is an example |
| symptoms precede and illness | prodrome |
| before meals | ante cibum |
| antibodies | protein substances made by leukocytes |
| symphysis | bones grow together, as in the pelvis |
| ultrasonography | sound waves and echoes are used to create an image |
| metamorphosis | change in shape or form |
| hypertrophy | increase in cell size, increased development |
| excessive sugar in the blood | hyperglycemia |
| retropertoneal | behind the abdomen |
| antigens | streptococci |
| return of disease symptoms | relapse |
| dia- | complete, through |
| abductor muscle | carries a limb away from the body |
| dyspnea | difficult breathing |
| brady- | slow |
| located on the dorsal side of an endocrine in the neck | parathyroid gland |
| recombinant DNA | gene from one organism is insterted into another organism |
| trachycardia | rapid heartbeat |
| epithelium | surface cells that line internal organs and are found in the skin |
| percutaneous | through the skin |
| Combining form of the first part of the large intestine | cec/o |
| pertaining to the abdomen | celiac |
| muscular wave like movement to transport food through the digestive system | peristalsis |
| part of the tooth that contains a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels | pulp |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
| high blood levels if a pgment released by the liver with bile | hyperbilirubinemia |
| carries bile into the duodenum | common bile duct |
| enzyme to digest starch | amylase |
| chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract | crohn disease |
| ring of muscle | spincter |
| speacialist in gums | periodontist |
| stomat/o | mouth |
| cheil/o | labi/o |
| stone in a salivary gland | siasaldenolithiasis |
| membrane that connects part of the small intestine | mesentery |
| new opening from the large bowelto the surface of the body | colostomy |
| fats are improperly digested and appear in the feces | steatorrhea |
| lack of appetitie | anorexia |
| another term for jaundice | hypobilirubinemia |
| esophageal varices are | swollen twisted veins |
| abnormal side pockets in a hallow organ | diverticula |
| telescoping the intestine | intussusception |
| difficulty swollowing | dysphagia |
| white plaques on the mucosa of the mouth | oral leukoplakia |
| the ovum | female gamete |
| pregnancy | gestation |
| area between the unterus and the rectum | cul-de-sac |
| part of the vulva | labia majora |
| adnexa uteri | ovaries and fallopian tubes |
| ovarian sac | corpus luteum |
| respiratory disorder in the neonate | hyaline membrane disease |
| incision of the perineum during childbirth | episiotomy |
| fingerlike ends of the fallopian tubes | fimbriae |
| the study and treatment of newborns | neonatology |
| sac containing the egg cell | ovarian follicle |
| hormone produced by and endocrine gland located below the brain | follicle stimulating hormone |
| removal of the fallopian tube and ovaries | bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| premature seperation of placenta | abruptio placentae |
| a woman who has 3 miscarriages and 2 live births | grav.5, para 2 |
| endometrian carcinoma may be defected by | d&c |
| removal of internal and reproductive organs in the region of the hip | perlvic exenteration |
| physicians effort to turn the fetus during delivery | cephalic version |
| gynescomastia | abnormal development of breast tissue in males |
| excessice flow of blood | metrorrhagia |
| painful labor and delivery | dystocia |
| menarche | first menstrual cycle |
| vaginal discharge pain in LLQ and RLQ dysmenorrhea and gonococcal infection | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| pieces of the inner lining of the uterus are ectopic | endometriosis |
| leukorrhea is associated with | cervicitis |
| the male gonad | testis |
| a gland below the bladder and surrounding the urethra | prostate |
| tissue that produces sperm cells | seminiferous tubules |
| hair like tail region of the sperm | flagellum |
| tube that leads from the epididymis to the urethra | vas deferens |
| foreskin | prepuce |
| male castration | bilateral oophorectomy |
| inflammation of the glans penis | balanitis |
| a chancre is the primary lesion in what condition | syphilis |
| an androgen | testosterone |
| testosterone is produced by | interstitial cells of the testes |
| undescended testicle | cryptorchism |
| bengign prostatic hyperplasia | overgrowth the glandular tissue |
| testicular carcinoma | seminoma |
| sterilization procedure | vasectomy |
| the sac containing the male gonad | scrotum |
| congenital condition of the male urethra | hypospadias |
| parenchymal tissue in the testes | seminferous tubules |
| congenital absence of a testicle | anorchism |
| a spermolytic sunstance | destroys sperm cells |
| orchiopexy | fixation of an undescended testicle |
| swollen twisted veins near the testes | variocele |
| non-gonococcal urethritis is most often cause by | chlamydial infection |
| treating tissue with cold temperatures | cryogenic surgery |
| Not an Std | BPH |
| pertaining to the brain responsible for coordinationg musicle movements and maintaining balance | cerebrum |
| pertaining to muscles and nerves | myoneural |
| neutrotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| part of the nerve cell that first recieves the nervouse impulse | dendrite |
| elevated portions of the cerebral cortex | gyri |
| burning sensation of pain | causalgia |
| a network of interlacing nerve fibers | plexus |
| protion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland | hypothalamus |
| gilial cells | neurons |
| speace between nerce cells | synapse |
| part of the brain that controls breathing | medulla oblongata |
| inability to speak | aphasia |
| collection of spinal nerves | caudia equina |
| x-ray record of the spinal cord | myelogram |
| collection of blood within meningeal layers | subdural hematoma |
| abnormal sensation of tingling | paresthesia |
| inflammation of a spinal nerve root | radiculitits |
| a highly malignant brain tumor | glioblastoma |
| paralysis of four extremities | quadraplegia |
| cerebral aneurysm | cerebrovascular accident |
| fainting | syncope |
| spina bifida is associated with | memingomyelocele |
| parkinsons disease | shuffling gait |
| disorder of reading writing and learning | dyslexia |
| condtion of no nervous sensation | analgesia |
| a blood vesselthat carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs | pulmonary |
| contraction phase phase of the heartbeat | systole |
| located between the left upper and lower chambers of the heart | mitral valve |
| saclike membrane surrounding the heart | pericardium |
| sensitive tissue in the right artrium wall that begins in heartbeat | sinoatrial node |
| blood vessels branching from the aorta to carry oxygen- rich blood to the heart | coronary arteries |
| disease of the heart muscle | cardiomyopathy |
| phlebitis | inflammation of the vein |
| instrument to measure blood pressure | sphygmomanometer |
| a local widenong of the artery | aneurysm |
| cyanosis | bluish coloration of the skin |
| ischemia | all of the above |
| angina is | chest pain relieved with nitroglycerin |
| cardiac arrhythmia | fibrillation |
| Petechiae | small, pinpoint hemorrhages |
| blood cot forms in a large lower limb vessel | mitral valve prolapse |
| four separate congenital heart defects | tetralogy of fallot |
| patent means | open |
| the cause of essential hypertension is | idopathic |
| digoxin | drug used to strenghthen the heartbeat |
| CK, LD, and AST (SGOT) are | serum enzymes |
| ECHO | high frequency sound waves are transmitted into the chest |
| incision of the vein | phebotomy |
| removal of plaque from inner lining of the artery | endarterectomy |
| a holter monitor is | an EKG taken during daily activity |
| tubes that bifurcate from the windpipe | bronchi |
| uppermost portion of the lung | apex |
| space between the lungs in the chest | mediastinum |
| nasopharyngeal lymphatic tissue | adenoids |
| pulmonary parenchyma | alveoli and bronchioles |
| removal of the voice box | laryngetomy |
| phren/o means | diaphragm |
| medical term for a condition of decreased oxygen in the blood | hypoxemia |
| type of pneumoconiosis | asbestosis |
| breathing is easier in an upright position | drthopnea |
| collection of pus in the pleural cavity | pyothorax |
| sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest | percussion |
| the "P" in DPT stands for | pertussis |
| Strider occurs in which upper respiratory disorder | croup |
| difficuly breathing | dyspnea |
| bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and cough | asthma |
| collapsed lung | atelectasis |
| material is expelled from the lungs | expectoration |
| localized area of pus formation in the lungs | pulmonary abscess |
| spitting up blood from the lungs | hemoptysis |
| tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airways | endotracheal intubation |
| PPD | none of the above |
| airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis | COPD |
| which of the following is an endoscopic examination | bronchoscopy |
| hyper capnina | high carbon dioxide levels in the blood |
| whitw blood cell with reddish granules; numbers increase in allergic reactions | eosinophil |
| protein hreads that form the basis of a clot | fibrin |
| method of separating out plasma proteins by electrical charge | electrophoresis |
| foreign material that invades the body | antigens |
| pigment produced from hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed | bilirubin |
| an undifferentiated blood cell is called a (an) | hermatopoietic stem cell |
| anticoagulant found in the blood | heparin |
| a disorder of red blood cell morphology is | poilkilocytosis |
| deficiency in numbers of white blood cells | neutropenia |
| immature red blood cell | erythroblast |
| derived from bone marrow | myeloid |
| breakdown of recipent's red blood cells when incompatible blood are mixed | hemolysis |
| sideropenia occurs causing deficient production of hemoglobin | iron-deficiency anemia |
| reduction in red blood cells due to excessive cell destruction | hemolytic anemia |
| failure of blood cell production due to absence of formation of cells in the bone marrow | aplastic anemia |
| inherited defect in ability to produce hemoglobin | thalassemia |
| lack of mature red blood cells due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the body | pernicious anemia |
| Excessive deposites of iron throughout the body | Hemochromatosis |
| Symptoms of pallor, shortness of breath, infection, bleeding gums, predominance of immature and abnormally functioning leukocytes, and low numbers of mature neutrophils in a young child may indicate a likely diagnosos of | Acute lymphocytic leukemia |
| Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of factor VIII or IX: | Hemophilia |
| Venous blood is clotted in a test tube | Coagulation time |
| Sample of blood is spun in a test tube so that red blood cells fall to the bottom and percentage of RBC's is taken | Hematocrit |
| Blood smear is examined to determine the shape or form of cells | Red blood cell morphology |
| Leukocytes are stained and counted under a microscope to see numbers of mature and immature forms | White blood cell differential |
| Venous blood is collected; anti-coagulant added and the distance cells fall in a period of time is determined | Erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| Blood protein that maintaines the proportion and concentrationof water in blood | Albumin |
| Swelling fluid leaks out into tissue spaces | Edema |
| IgM,IgG, IgA, IgD, IgE | Immunoglobulins |
| Symptoms of disease return | Relapse |
| Reliving symtoms, but not curing disease | Palliative |
| Formation of lymph | Lymphopoiesis |
| Interstitial fluid contains or is | Found in the spaces between cells and becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries |
| All of the following are apart of the immune system EXEPT | Platelets |
| All of the following describe areas of lymph node concentration EXCEPT | Bone marrow |
| B cells, plasma cells, and antibodies are part of | Humoral immunity |
| Helper or supperessor cells are types of | T cells |
| examples of immunoglobulins | IgA, IgC, IgE |
| oropharyngeal lymph tissue | tonsils |
| mediastinal T call producer | thymus |
| nasopharyngeal lymph tissue | adenoids |
| abdominal organ that filters erythrocytes and activates lymphocytes | spleen |
| produces lymphocytes and monocytes and all other blood cells | bone marrow |
| cytotoxic cells are | T cell lymphocytes |
| interferons and interleukins are | antiviral proteins produced by T cell lymphocytes |
| slight increase in numbers of lymphocytes | Lymphocytes |
| pertaining to poison | toxic |
| computerized x ray imaging in the transverse plane | CT scan |
| HIV is | the virus that causes AIDS |
| malignant tumor of lymph nodes | hodgkin disease |
| viral infection causing blisters on skin of lips, nose, or genitals | herpes simplex |
| cancer arising from the lining cells of capillaries, producing bluish red skin nodules | kaposi sarcoma |
| major lung infection with fever, cough, chest pain, and sputum. treatment is with bactrim | pneumocystis carnii pneumonia |
| protozoan (parasitic) infection associated with AIDS. Produces pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis | toxoplasmosis |
| fungal infection associated with AIDS. Involves brain and meninges, lungs, and skin | cryptococcosis |
| atopy | a hypersensitivity or allergic state |
| spongy, porous bone tissue is also called | cancellous bone |
| outward extension of the shoulder bone is the | acromion |
| an opening passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave is a | foramen |
| the projection of the temporal bone is the | mastoid process |
| knuckle-like process at the end of a bone is called a | condyle |
| mandible, vomer, maxilla, and zygomatic are all bones of the | face |
| occipital, sphenoid, frontal, temporal, and ethmoid are bones of the | cranium |
| the shaft of a long bone called a (an) | diaphysis |
| poor formation of bone | osteodystrophy |
| slipping or subluxation of a vertebra | spondylolisthesis |
| operation performed to relieve the symptoms of a slipped disk | laminectomy |
| lateral curvature of the spinal column | scoliosis |
| vitamin D deficiency leads tosoftening of bone, which is known as | osteomalacia |
| pertaining to the upper arm bone | humeral |
| the shoulder bone is the | scapula |
| the smaller of the two lower leg bones is the | fibula |
| inflammation of bone and bone marrow | osteomyelitis |
| clubfoof | talipes |
| a splintered or crushed bone | comminuted fracture |
| surgical repair of a joint | arthroplasty |
| condition of stiffening and immobility of a joint | ankylosis |
| chronic inflammation of the bones and joints due to degenerative changes in cartilage | osteoarthritis |
| inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid accumulation | gouty arthritis |
| malignant tumor of smooth muscles | leiomyosarcoma |
| wasting away (no development) of muscle | atrophy |
| a type of epithelial cell in the epidermis is a | squamous cell |
| dermis | middle layer of skin |
| a hard protein material found in the epidermis | keratin |
| structural protein found in skin and connective tissue | collagen |
| xer/o means | dry |
| pertaining to under a nail | subungual |
| what is a combining form meaning skin? | cutane/o |
| absence of pigment in slkin | albinism |
| inflammation of the soft tissue around a nail | paronychia |
| profuse sweating | diaphoresis |
| fungal infection | trichomycosis |
| fatty mass within sebaceous gland | steatoma |
| a wheal is a/an | hive |
| bullae | large blisters |
| pustule | small abscess |
| itching | pruritis |
| keloid | thickened scar |
| inflammatory disease of the joints and collagen of the skin; can affect other organs of the body | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| moles that can develop into malignant melanoma | dysplastic nevi |
| bed sore; break in continuity of skin | decubitus ulcer |
| chronic recurrent dermatosis with silvery gray scales covering red patches in skin | psoriasis |
| a dermatomycosis | tinea |
| white patches on a mucous membrane of tongue or cheek | leukoplakia |
| connective tissue in the skin hardens | scleroderma |
| layers of growth are removed and examined microscopically | mohs surgery |
| fibrous layer of clear tissue that exetends over the anterior portion of the eye and is continuous with the white of the eye | cornea |
| yellowish region un the retina; contains the fovea centralis | macula lutea |
| what eye structure is transparent, biconvex, and focuses light on the retina? | lens |
| place where optic nerve fibers cross in the brain | optic chiasma |
| adjustment of the lens by the ciliary body | accommodation |
| photosensitive receptor cells of the retina; make the perception of color possible | cones |
| the combining form for cornea is | kerat/o |
| the combining form for the ciliary body is | cycl/o |
| the meaning of palpebr/o is | eyelid |
| an eye inflammation commonly called "pinkeye" is | conjunctivitis |
| impairment of vision due to old age | presbyopia |
| myopia | nearsightedness |
| astigmatism | defective curvature of the cornea or lens |
| glaucoma is primarily diagnosed by | tonometry |
| a blind spot; area of depressed vision surrounded by an area of normal vison | scotoma |
| macular degeneration produces | loss of central vision |
| small hard mass on the eyelid; formed from sebaceous gland enlargement | chalazion |
| snail-shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear is the | cochlea |
| channel between the middle ear and nasopharynax | eustachian tube |
| myring/o means | tympanic membrane |
| bacterial infection of the middle ear | suppurative otitis media |
| tinnitus | ringing sound in ears |
| visual examination of the ear | otoscopy |
| nerve deafness occurring wih againg | presbycusis |
| fungal infection of the ear | otomycoasis |
| which is a function of the thyroid gland | secrets thyroxine |
| what is another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland? | adenohpophysis |
| which of the following secretes cortisol? | sdernal cortex |
| which hormone secreted by the pancreas | insulin |
| which hormone regulates calcium in the blood and bones? | parathyroid hormone |
| which hormone stimulates the adernal cortex to secrete hormones? | ACTH |
| which is an example of an electrolyte? | sodium |
| which is an element that is present in thyroxine | lodine |
| which is a hormone secreted by the ovary and adrenal cortex | estrogen |
| which is a description of gonadotropins | secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| what is the term for excessive development of mammary tissue in a male | gunecomastia |
| kal/i is a combining form for which substance | potassium |
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