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AH 136-162 AP Terms
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Allah | God’s name in Islam |
Mohammed | Last prophet of God |
Mecca | The city is revered as the holiest site of Islam, and a pilgrimage to it Musslims who can afford to go |
The Kaaba | building located inside the mosque known as Masjid al Haram in Mecca (Makkah). The mosque has been built around the Kaaba. The Kaaba is the holiest place in Islam |
Medina (the Hegira) | Medina is the second holiest city of Islam, after Mecca. Its importance as a religious site derives from the presence there of the Shrine of the Prophet Mohammad by Masjid al-Nabawi or the Mosque of the Prophet |
Sunni versus Shiite | Sunnis believe this process was conducted in a fair and proper manner and accept Abu Bakr as a righteous and rightful Caliph. The second major sect, the Shia, believe that the Prophet had appointed his son-in-law Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor years e |
Sufism | school of esoteric philosophy in Islam, which is based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain. In modern language it might also be referred to as Islamic spirituality or Islamic mysticism. |
Abbasid | 750 C.E.) The Sunni dynasty that overthrew the Umayyads as caliphs |
Abu Bakr | 632-634 C.E.) The first caliph; one of Muhammad's earliest followers and closest friends |
Ali | The 4th caliph; the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad who was meant to be the original successor of Muhammad but was too young. Caused warfare between the Sunnis and Shi'a for not punishing the murderer of the 3rd caliph, Uthman |
Axum | Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; defeated kingdom of Kush around 300 B.C.E. and succeeded by Ethiopia. Received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity |
Baghadad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphone |
Battle of Tours | (October 25, 732) Charles Martel, the Frankish Leader went against an Islamic army lead by Emir Abd er Rahman: the Islamic army was defeated and Emir Abd er Rahman was killed. The battle stopped the northward advancement from Spain |
Benin | A powerful city-state formed around the 14th century; was not relatively influenced by the Europeans, despite coming into contact with the Portugese |
Burghers | (18th century) A dynasty in Spain which launched a series of reforms aimed at strengthening the state and its economy; influenced Charless III. |
Byzantine Empire | Eastern Half of Roman Empire following collapse of western half of old empire; retained Mediterranean culture, particularly Greek; capital at Constantinople. |
Caliphate | Political and religious successors to Muhammad |
Carolingian Dynasty | (8-10th century) Royal house of franks that succeeded the Merovingian dynasty; most prominent member was Charlemagne |
Caste | Social status or position conferred by a system based on class in India |
Charlemange | Charles the Great; Carolingian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany |
Charles Martel | Charles the "Hammer"; led the the Battle of Tours and saved Europe from the Islamic expansion. (732 C.E.) |
Chichen Itza | Originally a Mayan city; conquered by the Toltecs (1000 C.E) |
Code of Bushido | (Formulated 14th century) Way of the Warrior for Japanese samurais; defined service and conduct appropriate to their status |