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Mash Histo II Test1R
NWHSU Mash Histology 2 Test 1 Respiratory System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the function of the basal cell in the olfactory mucosa? | PRECURSORS (stem cell) – replaces bipolar neurons and supporting (sustentacular) cells |
Which chronic obstructive airway disease is characterized by thickened bronchial walls caused by an increase in smooth muscle and mucous glands? | Chronic Bronchitis |
Omitting surfactant, diagram and label the components of the blood-air barrier in the respiratory alveolus. | Air enters Type 1 nuemocyte then Fused Basil Lamina then endothelium then lumen of blood vessel |
What is the function of surfactant? | Decrease surface tension and preventing collapse during expiration |
What are the important functions of elastic in the bronchioles and alveoli? | Facilitates expansion during inspiration, recoil during expiration and prevents collapse |
The bipolar neurons of the olfactory mucosa continuously differentiate from ________ cells. | Basal Cells |
What is the function of surfactant? | Decreases surface tension (by breaking H-bonds of water), facilitates expansion, prevents collapse of the alveoli |
List the layers that oxygen must cross to move from the air space of the alveolus into the blood. | Air, surfactant, Type I pneumocyte, fused basal laminas, endothelium, lumen of B.V. (blood) |
Smooth muscle is a component of the respiratory tree from the bronchi through the ____________. | Alveolar duct |
Which chronic obstructive airway disease includes a loss of elastic support in the bronchioles? | Emphysema |
Which chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by bronchoconstriction and excessive mucus production? | Asthma |
In the walls of the respiratory tree, seromucus glands are found from the level of the trachea through the level of the ________ | Bronchi |
Which cell of the alveolus contributes to the blood-air barrier? | Alveolar type I pnemonocyte |
The walls of the bronchioles are composed of _________ | Smooth muscle and elastic CT in helical formation |
In the true vocal cord, the fibroelastic vocal ligament is covered with ________ epithelium | Stratified squamous (non-keratinized) |
In the respiratory tree, elastic tissue is found from the level of the trachea through the level of the_____________ | Alveolus |
What substance reduces the alveolar surface tension? | Surfactant |
Why is it important? | allows expansion of alveolus during inspiration and prevents the collapse during exhalation |
The true vocal cord is covered by __________ epithelium. | Stratified squamous Non-Keratinizing |
What is the function of the basal cell of the olfactory mucosa? | The production of new olfactory receptor cells |
Name two disease processes which cause chronic obstructive airway disease. | Asthma, Emphysema, chronic bronchitis |
What are the major components of the bronchiolar wall? | Helical Smooth m. and helical Elastic Lamina |
What two forces within the lung are responsible for exhaling at rest? | surface tension and elastic fibers |
Hirshprung's disease is a congenital condition in which ______are absent in the colon or rectum? | ganglion cells |
Saliva secreted form the parotid salivary gland includes ______, an immunoglobulin which causes the aggregation of microorganisms. | IgA |
How may sympathetic stimulation of the submucosal duodenal glands cause duodenal ulcers? | inhibiting akaline fluid secretion |
For each of the following products, name the secretory cell and give its location: a)pepsinogen b) isotonic alkaline fluid c) secretin | a)chief cells in stomach secrete pepsinogen b)undifferentiated cells in small intestine secrete isotonic alkaline fluid c) endocrine cells in small intestine secrete secretin |
All components of the _____ derive from the hypophysial (Rathke's) pouch. | Adenopophysis |
Which one of the following is NOT likely with decreased insulin levels |