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link 11 & 11.1
Digestive and Unirary Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When food is broken down into particles small enough to pass through the cells plasma membranes is a process called | digestion |
| The transfer of nutrients into the circulation is | absorption |
| The continuous pathway begining at the mouth through to the anus in which also contains the esophagus, stomach, and the intestines is called the | digestive tract |
| The salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and the gall bladder are necessary for the digestive process because they release substances into the digestive tract called the | accessory organs |
| The section of the peritoneum that extends from the colon to the posterior abdominal wall is called the | mesocolon |
| A small membrane between the stomach and the liver is the | lesser omentum |
| The portion of the peritoneum covering the abdominal organs is called the | visceral perioneum |
| The large double layer of peritoneum that contains fat and lies over the front of the intestines like an apron is called the | greater omentum |
| The outer portion of the peritoneum lining the abdominal cavity is the | parietal perioneum |
| The double-layered portion of the peritoneum shaped like a fan is called the | mesentery |
| The abdominopelivic cavity is lined with a thin, shiny serous membrane that also folds back to cover most of the organs contained within the cavity is called | peritoneum |
| Name the medical term for chewing | mastication |
| Name the medical term for swollowing | deglutition |
| What accessory organ manufactures bile, destroys old red blood cells, stores glucose as glycogen, removes harmful substances from the blood and is the largest glandular organ in the upper right abdominal cavity | liver |
| What accessory organ is a muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver that stores bile | gall bladder |
| What accessory organ is a long gland that extends from the duodenum to the spleen that produces enzymes that digest fats, proteins, and carbohydrates | pancreas |
| Name the medical term for receiving food | ingestion |
| A leaf-shaped cartilage that guards the entrance of the trachea | epiglottis |
| A muscular tube wherer food is lubricated and moved into the stomach | esophagus |
| A muscular ring that regulates the size of an opening in the stomach | sphincter |
| The wave like movement that propels food through the digestive tract is called | peristalsis |
| The J shaped left facing curve of the stomach is called the | greater curvature |
| The J shaped right facing curve of the stomach is called the | lesser curvature |
| The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach is the cardiac, or the | lower esophageal sphincter |
| The sphincter between the distal end of the stomach and the small intestine is the | pyloric sphincter |
| Folds in the stomach that disappear as it expands are called | rugae |
| The two components of gastric juices are | hydrochloric acid and pepsin |
| The highly acidic, semi-liquid mixture of gastric juice and food when it leaves the stomach and goes to the intestines is called | chyme |
| Name the tiny finger like projections found on the inside of the small intestine | villi |
| Where does most of the digestion and absorption process take place | small intestine |
| The small blind tube attached to the cecum is the | appendix |
| Name the disorder of the upper digestive tract that is an infection of the gums | gingivitis |
| The disorder of the upper digestive tract known as binge-purge syndrome (vomiting) called | bulimia |
| The disorder of the upper digestive tract that is tooth decay is called | dental caries |
| The disorder of the upper digestive tract that is inflammation of the peritoneum is known as | peritonitis |
| The disorder of the upper digestive tract that is starvation in the effort to be exessively thin is called | anorexia nervosa |
| Weakness in the diaphragm that allows stomach contents to protrude upward is a stomach disorder called | hiatal hernia |
| Vomiting is a stomach disorder called | emesis |
| The obsrtuction of pyloric sphincter found in infants, especilly boys is a stomach disorder called | pyloric stenosis |
| The chronic reflux due to weakness in the lower esophageal sphincter is a stomach disorder called | gasto-esophageal reflux disease |
| The area of mucous membrane in which tissues are destroyed is a stomach disorder called | peptic ulcer |
| Inflammation of the stomach lining is called | gastritis |
| Inflammation of the small sacs in the wall of the colon, accompanid by pain and bleeding is called | diverticulitis |
| The twisting of the intestine is a disorder called | vovulus |
| Extreme constipation is a disorder known as | obstipation |
| Inflammation of the appendix is called | appendictitis |
| Two similar disorders causing pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and rectal bleeding is called | inflammatory bowel disease |
| The common disorder causing pain and either constipation, diarrhea, or both is | irritable bowel syndrome |
| Slipping of a part of the small intestine into an adjacent part is called | intussuception |
| Inflammation of the liver transmitted by exposure to virus in the blood and body fluids is called | hepatitis B |
| Inflammation of the gall bladder is called | cholelithiasis |
| Bile pigment in the blood causing a yellowish color to the skin is a disorder called | jaundice |
| Inflammation of the liver trandmitted by fecal matter and contaminated food and water is called | hepatitis A |
| The formation of gallstones is called | cholelithiasis |
| Inflammation of the liver transmitted mainly by exposure to infected blood that may develop years after exposure is called | hepatitis C |
| Destruction of the pancreas by its own juices is a disorder called | pancreatitis |
| These organs is located posterior, below the diaphragm on each side of the spin, it extract wastes from the blood, balance body fluids, and form urine | kidneys |
| Fluid infused into the peritoneal cavity to remove fluid and wast from the blood is a procedure called | peirtoneal dialysis |
| The removing of a kidney from a living or dying person for the use of another person is called a | kidney transplant |
| Sudden, sever decrease in kidney function due to severe disease, trauma, or toxins is called | acute renal failure |
| Blood moves from the body through a machine that filters it, removing wastes, and then returns it to the body is a procedure called | hemodilaysis |
| The slow decrease in kidny function over time so that the kidney can no longer make or concentrate urine is called | chronic renal failure |
| The most common disease that most often occurs in children about 1-4 weeks after a strep infection | acute glomerulonephritis |
| The distention of the renal pelvis and calyces due to obstruction is a kidney disorder called | hydronephrosis |
| Stones in the kidney made of calcium or uric acid is called | renal calculi |
| Hard masses that fill the renal pelvis and calyces is a disorder called | staghorn calculi |
| When the kidney contains many fluid-filled sacs that destroy nephrons is a disorder called | polycystic kidney |
| Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue due to bacteria in the urinary tract is a disorder called | pyelonephritis |
| When the end of the ureter bulges into the bladder causing obstruction and distention of the ureter and renal pelvic it is known as | ureterocele |
| The surgical removal of the bladder with re-venting of the ureter and renal pelvis is called | cystectomy |
| Bed-wetting or incontinence at night is known as | enuresis |
| Inflammation of the mucous membrane and glands of the urethra that is more common in men than women is called | urethritis |
| Loss of voluntary control over urination is called | urinary incontinence |
| Abnormally narrowed part of the urethra is called | ureteral stricture |
| A condition of the male where the urethra opens on the underside of the penis is known as | hypospadias |
| Inflammation of the bladder that is more common in women than men is called | cystitis |
| Urine containing nitrogenous waste such as urea, uric acid, creatinine, and electrolytes containing salt, sulfates, and phosphates is known as | normal urine |
| Urine containing albumin,(protein) glucos,(sugar) ketones,(due to fat breakdown) and white blood cells (pus) is known as | abnormal urine |
| This organ is two long slender muscular tubes extending from the kidneys down to the bladder and conducts urine through them | ureters |
| The organ that receives and stores urine brought by the ureters that is located below the parietal peritoneum and behind pubic joint | bladder |
| The tubes that conduct urine out of the body from the bladder is called the | urethra |
| This blood vessel brings blood to the kidney | renal artery |
| This blood vessel takes blood away from the kidney | renal vein |
| What is the functioning unit of the kidneys that makes urine called | nephrons |
| The outer portion of the kidneys is called the | renal cortex |
| What is the name of the notch where the blood vessels and the ureter connect with the kidneys | hilum |
| What are the cup-like extensions of the renal pelvis that collects urine as it is made | calyces |
| What is the funnel-shaped basin forming the upper end of the ureter | renal pelvis |
| Name the structure of the kidney that strains the blood | glomerulus |
| Name the structure of the kidney that saves water and substances needed by the body | nephron tubles |
| This structure of the kidney takes saved water and substances into the blood | peritubular capillaries |
Created by:
maryce
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