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Architecture233
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| High-Tech Architecture | Architectural genre which celebrates & elaborates the constructive, structural, and technological systems of a building in an expressively industrial/mechanical manner. |
| Traits of High-Tech Architecture | 1.Elaboration and exposure of the structural system 2.General aesthetic is based on machinery and industrial elements 3.Use of prefabricated / replaceable components and mass-produced parts 4.Exposure of service systems normally hidden |
| Eero Sarrinen | John Deere World Headquarters |
| Centre Pompidou-Paris | Richard Rogers & Renzo Piano |
| INMOS Factory | Richard Rogers |
| Lloyds of London | Richard Rogers |
| De Menil Collection | Renzo Piano |
| Sainsbury Art Centre | Norman Foster |
| Renault Distribution Centre | Norman Foster |
| Hong Kong Bank | Norman Foster |
| Waterloo Station | Nicholas Grimshaw |
| Astronaut Memorial | Holt Hinshaw Pfau Jones |
| Techno-Environmentalism | the enacting of green systems for things like passive cooling, economy of material, etc. without sacrificing the robust technological expression. |
| Tjibaou Cultural Centre | Renzo Piano |
| London City Hall | Norman Foster |
| Hearst Building- New York City | Norman Foster |
| Swiss Reinsurance Building | Norman Foster |
| Organic Architecture | promotes harmony between man and nature through design so well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated composition. |
| Traits of Organic Architecture (1) | 1.Harmonious / integrated relationship to the natural site 2.Use of material indigenous to / representative of the site 3.“Natural” forms = biomorphic & curvilinear; pod-like & cellular; fractal & rocky |
| Traits of Organic Architecture (2) | 4.Meandering designs that appear to have “grown” like a natural occurrence 5.Blurring of the distinction between inside and outside 6.Environmentalism concerns, both technical and spiritual |
| Fallingwater | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| Taliesin West | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| First Christian Church – Phoenix | Frank Lloyd Wright |
| Ford House | Bruce Goff |
| Bavinger House | Bruce Goff |
| Prairie Chicken House | Herb Greene |
| Joe Price House | Bart Prince |
| High Desert House | Kendrick Bang Kellogg |
| Elrod House | John Lautner |
| Platt Residence | Will Bruder |
| Los Angeles Avant Garde | Frank Israel, Eric Owen Moss, Morphosis (Michael Rotondi--ROTO & Thom Mayne) |
| Tectonic Baroque | design where the tectonics – materials, joinery, formal systems – are multiplied, elaborated, and overlain to create abstractly ornamental, visually complex designs. |
| Traits of Tectonic Baroque | 1. Use of several materials that fragment together in one design 2. Interaction in plan and section of multiple formal and geometric systems 3. Tectonics of skin, skeleton, & joinery are exuberantly elaborated 4. Insert interior elements(pseudo-machine |
| Bright & Associates | Frank Israel |
| Dan House | Frank Israel |
| Goldberg-Bean Residence | Frank Israel |
| Gary Group | Eric Owen Moss |
| 3535 Hayden | Eric Owen Moss |
| Stealth Building | Eric Owen Moss |
| Lawson-Weston House | Eric Owen Moss |
| Morphosis Architects | Thom Mayne & Michael Rotondi |
| Venice III House | Morphosis |
| Kate Mantiline Restaurant | Morphosis |
| Diamond Ranch High School | Morphosis |
| Carlson Reges Residence | Roto |
| Deconstructivism | characterized by a stimulating unpredictability and a controlled chaos, and moving architecture away from what its practitioners see as the constricting 'rules' of modernism |
| Deconstructivism Traits | 1. Designs which feature fragmentation, collision, peeling, instability 2. Non-Euclidean geometry= few 90 angles, many sharp angles, loss of geometry as tool of order 3. Mix of forms and systems with no regard to organizational repercussions |
| MoMA show | Show exhibiting international architects |
| Parc la Villette | Bernard Tschumi |
| Wexner Center for Visual Arts | Peter Eisenman |
| Aronoff Center for Design and Art | Peter Eisenman |
| Vitra Fire Station | Zaha Hadid |
| Jewish Museum Berlin | Daniel Libeskind |
| Dever Art Museum | Daniel Libeskind |
| "The Crystal" ROM (Royal Ontarion Museum) | Daniel Libeskind |
| Gehry House | Frank Gehry |
| Schnabel House | Frank Gehry |
| Vitra Chair Museum | Frank Gehry |
| Attic Renovation | Coop Himmelblau |
| UFA Cinema Center | Coop Himelblau |
| 3 parts of Neo-Traditionalism | 1. Neo-Vernacular 2. Historicism 3. New Urbanism |
| Vernacular | Of or being an indigenous building style using local materials and traditional methods of construction and ornament, especially as distinguished from academic or historical architectural styles |
| Neo-Vernacular | Design which reinterprets vernacular architecture through the lens of contemporary design |
| Traits of Neo-Vernacular | 1. Uses barns, sheds, and other indigenous building typologies as precedents. 2. simple forms and roofs 3. Exposed low-tech structure (stick framing, exposed rafters, rammed earth, etc.) |
| Critical Regionalism | strives to counter placelessness and lack of identity in Modern Architecture by using the building's geographical context |
| Critical Regionalism Quote | “The paradox: how to become modern and to return to sources; how to revive an old, dormant civilization and take part in universal civilization” K. Frampton “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance” |
| Critical Regionalism Info | Architects should use modern architecture in a critical fashion -- gaining from its universal & progressive qualities, its attention to structure and order -- but simultaneously use solutions particular to the context |
| Zachary House | Stephen Atkinson |
| Mason Bend Chapel | Rural Studio |
| Cook House | Mockbee-Coker |
| Carraro Residence | Lake Flato Architects |
| Thorncrown Chapel | Faye Jones |
| Marika Alderton House | Glen Murcutt |
| Historicism | Design which recreates traditional/historic architectural styles for modern programs, faithfully and without irony |
| Traits of Historicism | Uses high-style historical architecture as formal, organizational, and tectonic precedent. |
| Weill Hall | Robert A. M. Stern |
| Maitland Robinson Library | Quinlan Terry |
| New Urbanism | An urban planning movement which advocates creating tradition-inspired communities using design principles found in earlier, pre-automobile, small-town environments. |
| Traits of New Urbanism | • Desire for return to an idealized (possibly mythic) sense of community • Belief that these can solve societal and environmental problems • Codifies both neo-vernacular and historicist architectural / urban typologies to enforce desired goals. |
| Seaside, FL | Neo Traditional town that advertises itself as a small town, yet it's legally a subdivision with privately owned streets, although outsiders do attend community events and shop at its stores. |
| Poundbury | Masterplan by Leon Krier Planned Community in Dorchester, Great Britain |
| Minimalism | Trend in various forms of art and design where the work is reduced / condensed to a few features / elements. |
| Traits of Minimalism | 1. Pure forms/shapes, purged of complex edges, surfaces, transitions, & additions 2. Restrained palette of materials 3. Neutral, unbroken surfaces / elimination of lines, detail, joints 4. there is equality and repetition without differentiation |
| Christo | wrapping |
| Most known for large sculptures made of curved plates of Cor-ten steel | Richard Serra |
| Tilted Arc | Richard Serra |
| Kanye West Apartment | Claudio Silvestrin |
| Walsh House | John Pawson |
| Minimalism Quote | “Minimalist Architecture Principle: Sort out what your highest priority architectural requirements are, and then do the least you possibly can to achieve them.” |
| “Ornament is a crime.” & "Less is More" | Minimalism |
| Glass House | Philip Johnson |
| Elektra House | David Adjaye |
| Tubac House | Rick Joy |
| Vietnam Veterans Memorial | Maya Lin |
| Church of the Light | Tadao Ando |
| Fort Worth Museum of Modern Art | Tadao Ando |
| Murcia Town Hall | Rafael Moneo |
| De Blas House | Alberto Campo Baeza |
| Material Modernism | Architectural work that is Modernist in formal language coupled with a more diverse and intricate exploration of material, detail, & surface strategies. |
| Traits of Material Modernism | • Modernist general formal nature -- boxy forms, simple geometry, clean lines • Use of a mixed palette of materials creates diverse collage instead of a unified visual field (like minimalism) • Intricacy of designed moments, surface, detail, and joinery |
| Phenomenalism/Phenomenology | 1. Architecture philosophy based on the experience of building materials and their sensory properties. 2. Investigation of materials by celebrating different properties, juxtaposing different haptic properties of the same material or different materials. |
| 'a relentless analysis of detail.' | Material Modernism |
| Castelvecchio Museum | Carlo Scarpa |
| Stretto House | Steven Holl |
| Chapel of St. Ignatius | Steven Holl |
| The Neurosciences Institute | Williams + Tsien |
| Museum of American Folk Art | Williams + Tsien |
| Thermal Baths | Peter Zumthor |
| Kunsthaus Bregenz | Peter Zumthor |
| Signal Box | Herzog & DeMeuron |
| Library – Eberswalde University | Herzog & DeMeuron |
| GSW Headquarters | Sauerbruch & Hutton |
| Herz-Jesu-Kirche | Allmann Sattler Wappner (ASW) |
| Netherland Institute for Sound and Vision | Nueteling Riedjik |
| Meta-rationalism | Design trend which combines rational (regular) form with irrational/irregular 2D and 3D distorting influences, which subvert the regular reading of the form. |
| Traits of Meta-rationalism | 1. Use of rational form (boxes) for major volume(s) 2. building envelopes which investigate patterns – pixelations - perforations – punctures 3. Overlays, cuts, voids, and subtractions which break up the major form. 4. transformational/distorted layers |
| Southwest Metal Offices | Allmann Sattler Wappner |
| Prada Tokyo | Herzog & De Meuron |
| De Young Museum | Herzog & De Meuron |
| Elbe Philharmonic | Herzog & De Meuron |
| Simmons Hall | Steven Holl |
| The Orange Cube | Jacob + McFarlane |
| Serpentine Gallery | Toyo Ito |
| Sendai Mediatheque | Toyo Ito |
| Seattle Public Library | Rem Koolhaas (OMA--Office for Metropolitan Architecture) |
| CCTV Building | Rem Koolhaas (OMA--Office for Metropolitan Architecture) |
| 2008 Olympics A showcase for new meta-rationalist design. Two main buildings are… | The Birdsnest and The Water Cube |
| Olympic Stadium--The Birdsnest | Herzog & DeMeuron |
| Blobitecture | Late 20th / 21st-century design movement in which all or part of the building has a bio-morphic, fluid, and curvaceous form(s) of such constructive complexity it requires the use of computer-aided visualization, design, and fabrication systems. |
| Fluidity | acting against forces, smooth and TAUT |
| “Fred & Ginger building” | Frank Gehry |
| Guggenheim Bilbao | Frank Gehry |
| Walt Disney Concert Hall | Frank Gehry |
| Selfridge Department Store | Future Systems |
| Kunsthaus Graz | Cook/Fournier |
| New Milan Trade Fair | Massimilano Fuksas |
| Ordos Museum | MAD |
| BMW Welt | Coop Himmelbau |
| Mercedes Benz Museum | UN Studio |
| Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre | Zaha Hadid |
| Cooper Union Building | Morphosis |
| BMW Plant Central Building | Zaha Hadid |
| Mid-Century Modernism | period post-WWII to Vietnam War (1945-1965), characterized by the evolution of the International Style into an optimistic, futuristic approach to form and material. |
| Traits of Mid-Century Modernism | 1.Freedom from gravity 2.Exploration of new materials and processes 3.Fluid and rounded forms 4.Celebration of scientific discoveries/technology 5.Openness to exterior landscape 6. Bold, abstract patterns and vibrant, impure colors |
| Utopian Communalism | design mega-structures which consolidate urban functions into dense architectural structures based on natural systems, and which promote communal, sustainable ways of living. |
| Traits of Utopian Communalism | 1. Hi-tech or mixed-tech consolidated communities based on communal government 2. Megastructures 3. Technology/machinery influenced by nature 4. Use of repetitive cellular elements with varied connectivities 5. Build on sites otherwise unused |
| Béton Brut | Architectural concrete left unfinished or roughly-finished after pouring and left exposed visually. The imprint of the wood or plywood forms used for pouring is usually present on the final surface. |
| Traits of Brutalism | 1. Use of béton brut - concrete massing 2. Boxy, horizontal forms 3. Top-heavy massing 4. Fenestration which is repetitively punched or striated |
| Rationalism | architecture is rooted in the timeless archetypes of human building, common to all cultures and times. |
| Traits of Rationalism | 1. Pure, platonic shapes, volumes, and voids 2. Organizational systems which impart order and stability 3. Load-bearing mass (or appearance of) |
| Post Modernism | It reveled in being artificial and theatrical, with columns or arches supporting nothing, pumped-up cornices and weighty-looking rustication that sounded hollow when you tapped it. |
| Traits of Post-Modernism | 1.Blending of Modernism with ornament 2.elements that have been exaggerated, flattened 3.Mixture of references from different sources 4.Exaggerated frontality of main facade 5.Contrasting forms with manner of production 6. Playfulness |
| Pop Art & Architecture | celebrates popular culture through appropriation of mass/consumer imagery, celebrity, and media |
| Traits of Pop Art & Architecture | 1. Use of over-scaled elements. 2. Use of ‘novelty’ or ‘gimmick’ humorous elements. 3.Use of bold form and simple, bright colors and patterns. 4. abandons materiality in favor of methods of production/representation that reduce reality |
| Super-Modernism | aspire to impact the civic space with primal size and clean detailing which de-materializes the small scale in favor of the imposing & enigmatic |
| Super-Modernism | 1)Large scale works of civic impact 2)Simple forms 3)Materials : steel structure and glass skin. 4)Visual detail minimized to enhance scalar impact 5)Structure: de-emphasized by hiding/shrinking, or over-emphasized by externally over-scaling |
| Culver City, CA | As part of creative financing, Smith convinces Culver City to allow innovative architecture as counting towards the “2-percent-for-art” allowance, making the projects viable. |
| Leon Max Showroom | Morphosis |
| Familian House | Frank Gehry |
| Nunotani Office Building | Peter Eisenman |
| Common Southern Vernacular | Dogtrot House & Shotgun House |
| The New Palladians | Loose group of British Neo-classicists who advocate architecture rooted in 16th-19th century styles:Robert Adam Julian Bicknell Leon Krier George Saumarez Smith Quinlan Terry |
| Henbury Rotunda | Julian Bicknell |
| The Barnes Foundation | Williams & Tsien |
| Conduitity | A Caldwell-made-up term to describe continuous volumetric forms which nestle and run parallel, similar to installed electrical conduit runs. |
| Pierre Vives | Zaha Hadid |
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