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FINAL STUDY 29 MAR
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| CLAIM | STATEMENT of What Happened in the Experiment |
| EVIDENCE | DATA from Observations that Support Claim |
| REASONING | USE of Scientific PRINCIPLES (Laws) to CONNECT Data with Claim. |
| PHASE CHANGES | MATERIAL PROCESS *ONE kind of Molecule/Substance, *Adding/Removing HEAT, *Molecules MOVE FASTER or SLOWER, *CHANGE into Another STATE: Solid, Liquid or Gas. *MOVE Closer or Farther Apart, *DON’T BREAK APART, *Same MOLECULAR STRUCTURE |
| COMMON TERMS for PHASE CHANGES | FREEZE to Solid state, MELT to Liquid state, & EVAPORATE or BOIL to Gas state |
| MACROSCOPIC level PHASE CHANGE | On MACROSCOPIC level: *Solids MELT, *Liquids BOIL/EVAPORATE or FREEZE, *Gases CONDENSE |
| MOLECULAR level PHASE CHANGE | On MOLECULAR level: *Molecular Structures DO NOT CHANGE, *Molecules only MOVE Closer or Farther Apart, *Exactly SAME Types and Number of ATOMS B/A |
| MIXTURE | MATERIAL PROCESS in which *TWO or MORE kinds of Substances, *COMBINE but, *Don’t INTERACT, Example: Sugar + Water + CO2 ==> Soda Pop (Sugar/Water/ CO2) |
| MACROSCOPIC level MIXTURE | On MACROSCOPIC level: *Substances COMBINE but in NO SET RATIO, *Show NO CLUES of Chemical Reaction, *Each Substance SAME B/A, *So CAN’T MEASURE PROPERTIES OF their Mixed-up Substances. |
| MOLECULAR level MIXTURE | On MOLECULAR level: *Molecules DON’T BREAK APART *Their ATOMS DON’T REARRANGE *Exactly SAME Types and Number of ATOMS B/A |
| CHEMICAL REACTION | MATERIAL PROCESS in which * CLUES of Chemical Reaction *Molecules DO BREAK APART *Atoms DO REARRANGE * Form NEW MOLECULAR STRUCTURES *New Substances have DIFFERENT PROPERTIES *SAME Types and Number of ATOMS B/A (Law of Mass Conservation of M |
| MACROSCOPIC level CHEMICAL REACTION | On MACROSCOPIC level: * May be CLUES of Chemical Reaction *Substances (Reactants) DO COMBINE *Substances (Reactants) DO INTERACT * Form NEW SUBSTANCES (Products) *New Substances (Products) have DIFFERENT PROPERTIES |
| MOLECULAR level CHEMICAL REACTION | On MOLECULAR level: *Molecules (Reactants) DO BREAK APART *Atoms DO REARRANGE CHEMICALLY to from NEW MOLECULES (Products) *Exactly SAME Types and Number of ATOMS B/A (Law of Mass Conservation) |
| SIGNS or CLUES of Chemical Reaction | *LIGHT produced *BUBBLING/FIZZING *TEMPERATURE CHANGE w/o Adding or Removing Heat *PRECIPITATE (Liquid + Liquid > Solid) |
| ELECTROLYSIS | *CHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION Reaction *Uses ELECTRICAL Energy *Starts with Liquid WATER Molecules (Reactant) * BREAKS APART Water Molecules & *Ends with OXYGEN and HYDROGEN Gases (Products). 2H2O(Liquid) ==>electolysis==>2H2(gas) + O2(gas) |
| PROPERTIES of SUBSTANCES | *UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS to Describe and Identify Substances: Examples: *COLOR *SMELL *TASTE *HARDNESS *SOLUBILITY *DENSITY *MELTING POINT |
| REACTANTS of Chemical Reaction | BEGINNING or ORIGINAL SUBSTANCES—the “Old Stuff” |
| PRODUCTS of Chemical Reaction | END SUBSTANCE(S) of Reaction |
| LAW of CONSERVATION of MASS (MATTER) | SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLE, RULE or LAW that *NO MATTER HOW Substances INSERT with Each Other, the TOTAL MASS of the system always REMAINS the SAME. *Matter is NOT CREATED or DESTROYED. *ATOMS simply REARRANGE to form NEW MOLECULES (NEW SUBSTANCES). |
| OPEN SYSTEM? | SOMETHING CAN ENTER or EXIT a System. Examples: Alka-Setzer experiment open glass. Rust on iron in open air. |
| CLOSED SYSTEM? | SOMETHING can NOT ENTER or EXIT a System. Examples: Closed bag experiment, Electrolysis |
| What HOLDS ATOMS TOGETHER? | ELECTRICAL FORCES |
| 3 Parts of SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATION | CLAIM EVIDENCE REASONING |
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familystudy22
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