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Ch 29 Kuntzman & Mos
Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Process in which organisms produce offspring by means of germ cells called gametes | Sexual reproduction |
| What are male gametes called? | Spermatozoa |
| What are female gametes called? | Oocytes |
| Where are female gametes produced? | Ovaries |
| What 4 hormones are produced by the ovaries? | 1) Progesterone 2) Estrogen 3) Relaxin 4) Inhibin |
| What are the 3 secondary sex organs? | 1) Ducts 2) Accessory sex glands 3) Supporting structures |
| What are the functions of ducts? | Transport, store, & assist in maturation of sperm |
| What are the functions of accessory sex glands? | Secrete fluid that makes up seminal fluid |
| What are the functions of the supporting structures of the secondary sex organs? | Assist the delivery & joining of gametes and growth during pregnancy |
| What does the scrotum provide for the testes? | Support and provides a 2 degrees of lower than normal temperature necessary for production of viable sperm |
| What are the functions of the ducts of the male secondary organs? | Carries sperm to ejaculatory duct |
| What occurs in the epididymis? | Sperm mature & become fertile |
| What structure contains the urethra and functions for both the reproductive and urinary system? | Penis |
| What are the functions of the accessory sex glands of the male secondary organs? | Secretes fluid that makes up seminal fluid |
| Transport medium and source of nutrients for sperm | Seminal fluid |
| Mixure of sperm and seminal fluid | Semen |
| What are the 3 functions of testosterone? | 1) Stimulates spermatogenisis 2) Development of male secondary sex characteristics 3) Maintain muscle & bone mass |
| What is the function of the fallopian tubes of the female secondary organs? | Carry oocyte to uterus & sperm upward |
| What usually occurs in the fallopian tubes? | Fertilization |
| What is the structure of the uterus of the female secondary organs? | Pear-shaped muscular organ |
| What is the function of the uterus of the female secondary organs? | Site of implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of fetus during pregnancy and labor |
| Where is the endometrium and what is it's structure? | It is the soft, spongy inner lining of the uterus |
| Where is the cervix? | At the base of the uterus |
| What is the function of the vagina of the female secondary sex organs? | Receives sperm from male & serves as the birth canal |
| What are the functions of the mammary glands of the female secondary organs? | Synthesize, secrete, & eject milk to feed child |
| Cyclic changes in the ovaries in which a certain number of ovarian follicles develop. They either become fertilized or disintegrate. | Menstrual cycle |
| When does the menstrual cycle occur? | Approx. every 28 days |
| Stimulates the growth of follicle containing the egg & secretion of estrogen | FSH |
| What are the 4 functions of estrogen | 1) Responsible for female secondary sex characteristics 2) Growth of maturing follicle 3) Growth of uterine line (endometrium) 4) Negative feedback control of FSH |
| What are the functions of LH? | Ovulation & formation of the corpus luteum (from old follicle) |
| What is the function of the corpus luteum? | Secretes estrogen, progesterone, relaxin, & inhibin |
| What are the functions of progesterone? | Prepare & maintain endometrium for implantation of fertilized ovum |
| What are the 3 functions of relaxin? | 1) Relaxes uterus by inhibiting contractions of muscle walls for implantation 2) Relaxes muscle walls during pregnancy 3) Increases flexibility of pubic symphysis & cervix dilation during labor |
| Sloughing off of endometrial tissue from a non pregnant uterus through the cervix and out the vagina | Menstruation |
| What massage considerations should be considered if a woman is menstruating? | Avoid massage over abdomen if sensitive |
| Cessation of menstruation; life stage that takes place over several years | Menopause |
| Between what ages does menopause generally occur? | Between the ages of 48-55 yrs old |
| What massage considerations should be taken with a woman who is going through menopause? | Avoid overheating client by limiting use of blankets and flannel sheets as drape material. Uncover client's arms and feet |
| Absence of menstruation | Amenorrhea |
| Failure of menstruation by age 16 | Primary amenorrhea |
| Cessation of menstruation for 6 months in individual who previously menstruated | Secondary amenorrhea |
| What functions in both urinary and reproductive systems in the male? | Urethra |
| The function of chemicals within the acrosomal cap | Aid sperm in penetration into a secondary oocyte |
| The portion of the penis which surrounds the urethra | Corpus Spongiosum |
| The fructose in semen is secreted by the | Seminal vesicles |
| The corpus luteum secretes | Progesterone & estrogens |
| Sperm move by means of | Flagella |
| What does the mature (Graafian) follicle become after ovulation? | Corpus luteum |
| The portion of the ovary that contains the ovarian follicles | Cortex |
| Which female reproductive structure is located between the urinary bladder and the rectum | Uterus |
| What does FSH in males do? | Acts indirectly with testosterone to stimulate spermatogenesis |
| The cells in the testis responsible for producing testosterone | Leydig cells |
| What cells lie next to the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules? | Spermatogonia |
| In the testis, spermatogonia divide by | Mitosis |
| The cells formed by meiosis II | Spermatids |
| How many sperm are produced by the testes daily? | 300 million |
| What hormone produced in the male directly stimulates testosterone secretion? | LH |
| The hormone that inhibits secretion of FSH | Inhibin |
| The longest duct of the male reproductive tract, passing from the scrotum into the pelvic cavity | Ductus deferens |
| The open, funnel-shaped portion of a uterine tube | Infidibulum |
| Where does fertilization of the oocyte by a sperm occur? | Uterine tube |
| What is the reason a pap smear is performed? | To detect cancer of the cervix |
| What is a hysterectomy? | Surgical removal of the uterus |
| The small folds that are lateral to the vaginal opening | Labia minora |
| Milk secreting glands in the breast | Alveoli |
| Which hormones have the greatest direct control over the changes in the uterus? | Estrogen and progesterone |
| What hormone increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis at the end of pregnancy? | Relaxin |
| What hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the secondary follicles in the ovary? | FSH |
| What do low levels of progesterone cause? | Menstruation |
| The first menses | Menarche |
Created by:
khawkin
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