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APES- Risk

QuestionAnswer
Risk The probability that something completely undesirable will result from a deliberate or accidental exposure to something considered hazardous.
Probability A mathematical statement about how likely it is that something will occur.
Risk Assessment Process of gathering data and making own assumptions to estimate the short-and-long term effects on human health or the environment from exposure to hazardous materials and wastes, usually stemming from a particular form of human activity or technology.
Risk Management Using risk-assessment process and other known information in order to determine the options and make decisions about reducing and or eliminating risks.
Toxicity A measurement of how harmful something is.
Dose The amount of a harmful substance an individual is exposed to.
Bioaccumulation A gradual increase in the concentration of particular chemicals in an organism's organs or tissues being at a higher level than expected.
Biomagnification Increase in the concentration of DDT, PCB's, and other slowly degradable, fat-soluble chemicals in organisms at successively higher tropic levels of a food chain or web.
Response Amount of damage caused to an individual's health, from the exposure of a certain dose of a harmful substance or radiation.
Poison Chemical that kills over 50% of its intended target; used to manage pest populations.
LD50 Amount of a toxic material per unit of body weight of the test animals that kills half the test population in a certain amount of time- similar to Median Lethal Dose, as both are used in same context.
Median Lethal Dose Amount of toxic material per unit of body weight of the test animals that kills half the test population in a certain amount of time.
Toxic Chemicals Chemicals which are fatal to organisms in low doses/fatal to more than 50% to test animals at concentrations. Most are Neurotoxins, etc.
Hazardous Chemicals Chemicals that can cause harm because they are either flammable or explosive, an irritant to the lungs or skin, strongly acidic or alkaline, or can cause dangerous allergic reactions to a person's immune system.
Mutagens Chemicals that can cause inheritable changes or mutations in the DNA strands in the genes found in chromosomes or organisms.
Teratogens A chemical, ionizing agent, or virus that is dangerous to human health and commonly causes birth defects.
Carcinogens Chemicals, ionizing agents, or viruses that promote the development of cancer.
Metastasis The spread of malignant cancerous cells from the tumor to other parts of the body.
Precautionary Principle When there is scientific uncertainty about potentially serious harm from chemicals or technologies, decision makers should act to prevent harm to humans/environment.
Risk Analysis Process of identifying hazards, evaluating the nature and severity of particular risks, using this and other forms of date to determine options and make decisions on reducing present risks.
Created by: cbranham12
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