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Chapter 6
SPED class
Question | Answer |
---|---|
speech disorder | Difficulty producing sounds as well as disorders of voice quality or fluency of speech, often referred to as stuttering. |
language disorder | Difficulty receiving, understanding, or formulating ideas and information. |
receptive language disorder | Difficulty receiving or understanding information. |
cleft palate or lip | A condition in which a person has a split in the upper part of the oral cavity or the upper lip. |
dialect | A language variation that a group of individuals uses and that reflects shared regional, social, or cultural/ethic factors. |
speech | The oral expression of language. |
language | A structured, shared rule-governed, symbolic system for communicating. |
phonology | The use of sounds to make meaningful syllables and words. |
phonemes | The rules and sequencing of individual speech sounds. |
morphology | The system that governs the structure of words. |
morpheme | The smallest meaningful unit of speech. |
syntax | The rules for putting together a series of words to form sentences. |
semantics | The meaning of what is expressed. |
pragmatics | The use of communication in contexts. |
social interaction theories | Theories that emphasize that communication skills are learned through social interactions. |
Articulation | A speaker's production of individual or sequenced sounds. |
substitutions | An articulation error when a child substitutes one sound for another. |
omissions | When a child leaves a phoneme out of a word. |
distortions | Modifications of the production of a phoneme in a word. |
pitch | The rate of vibration of the vocal chords. |
duration | The length of time any speech sound requires. |
intensity | The loudness or softness of a sound. |
resonance | The perceived quality of someone's voice. |
hypernasality | A resonance trait that allows too much air to pass through the nasal cavity. |
hyponasality | A resonance trait that does not allow enough air to pass through the nasal cavity |
specific language impairment | A language impairment not related to any physical or intellectual disability. |
organic disorders | A speech and language disorder caused by an identifiable problem in the neuromuscular mechanism of the person. |
functional disorder | A speech and language disorder with no identifiable organic or neurological cause. |
congenial disorder | A disorder that occurs before birth. |
acquired disorder | A disorder that occurs after birth. |
bilingual | To be able to use two languages well. |
bidialectal | To be able to use two variations of a language. |
System for Augmenting Language | A system that augments the speech between communication partners by activating the communication device in naturally occurring interactions at home and school and in the community. |