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Cardiovasc Phys
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where is sa node located? | superior posterolateral wall of rt atrium |
| what allows for spontaneous depolarization of the sa node? | leaky na+ and ca++ channels, combined with a lower resting mem potential (-55 - -60) |
| what is the internodal pathway? | conducting pathways between the sa node and av node |
| where is the av node located? | lower end of the rt atrium |
| where is there a delay in tramission between the sa node and av node? | so that the atria can empty into the ventricles |
| how is the av node depolarized? | by impulse from sa node |
| What is the pathway of the budle of his//atrioventricular bundle? | Beings @ the AV node and divides to form the rt and lft bundle branches, runs within the interventricular septum |
| What does the bundle of his//atriventricular bundle cause? | conduction in the ventricles |
| What is the fastest conductor of the heart? | purkinje fibers |
| What does the bundle of his terminate as? | purkinje fibers |
| What does an enlarged p wave indicate? | atrial enlargement |
| What is the phase of contraction? | systole |
| what is the phase of relaxation? | diastole |
| What wave is atrial deoplarization? | p-wave |
| what wave is ventricular depolarization? | qrs |
| What does an enlarged Q wave indicate? | myocardial infarction |
| What does an enlarged R wave indicate? | ventricular enlargement |
| How long does the qrs wave last? | .06 seconds |
| What wave shows ventricular repolarization? | T wave |
| What masks atrial repolarization wave? and what is the name? | by the qrs wave, called DICROTIC NOTCH |
| What is the definition of a cardiac cycle? | Systole and diastole of both artira and systole and diastole of both ventricles |
| Are AV valves open or closed during ventricular systole (atrial diastole)? | CLOSED |
| Are semilunar valves open or closed during vantricular systole (atrial diastole)? | OPEN |
| What is the sequence of events of the cardiac cycle? (i.e. artial systole, isovolumetrics) | Atrial systole Isovolumetric contraction Ejection Period Isovoumetric relaxation Ventricular Filling Atrial systole |
| what is the a-wave? | atrial contraction |
| what is the c-wave? | ventricular contraction |
| what is the v-wave? | slow flow of blood into atria as AV valves are closed |
| Are Av valves opened or closed during ventricular diastole? | Open |
| What causes the s4 heart sound? | Contraction of the atria |
| In atrial systole which valves are open and which are closed? | AV valves open, semilunar valves are closed |
| What causes the s1 heart sound? | AV valves shutting at end of atrial systole/beginning of isovolumetric contraction. |
| When does isovolumetric contraction begin? | When AV valves close due to greater ventricular pressure than atrial pressure after atrial systole. |
| What causes the ejection period? | After ventricular pressure increase in isovolumetric contraction, semilunar valves open, and ventricles empty their contents. |
| What causes the s2 sound? | semilunar valves shutting after ejection period, due to drop in ventricluar pressure and increase in pulmonic and aortic pressure. |
| When the semilunar valves close, which phase has began? | isovolumetric relaxation |
| What phase does the dicrotic notch appear? | isovolumetric relaxation |
| What is the dicrotic notch(incisura)? | when the aortic valve closes |
| What is filling during isovolumetric relaxation? | ATRIA... isovolumetric refers to the VENTRICLES... their volume is the SAME. |
| What happens with ventricular filling? | AV valves open, and 70% of blood enters ventricles |
| What is the formula for cardiac output? | Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume |
| What is stroke volume equation? | End diastolic vol - End systolic vol |
| If you had a high end diastolic volume would the stroke volume increase or decrease? | increase |
| if you had a high end systolic volume would the sv increase or decrease? | decrease |
| what creates the 3rd heart sound? | rapid filling of ventricles |
| End systolic volume is determined by what 2 factors? | arterial pressure force of ventricular contraction |
| End diastolic vol is determined by what 2 factors? | length of ventricular diastole venous pressure |
| What is Starlings Law? | the force of ventricular contraction is determined chiefly by the length of the cardiac mm fibers.... what flows in must flow out |
| If the heart is stretched during filling the ___ the force of contraction and volume of blood pumped thru the aorta. | Greater, Starlings law |
| What does increased sympathetic innervation to the heart increase? | HR, SV, and therefore Co |
| What is Stokes-Adams syndrome? | Sudden AV block, delays ventricle contraction, pt may faint, or die... Part of purkinje and distal av node become pace maker |
| In regards to ECG what is heart rate defined as? | Defined as time from one R peak to the next R peak. |
| What dominates intrinsic spontaneous rate of SA node? sympathetic or parasympathetic? | parasympathetic (Vagus) |
| What NTs do parasympathetics release on the heart? and sympathetic? | parasympathetic: Ach sympathetic: epinephrine |
| Where is the vasomotor center located? | in reticular area of medulla and lower pons |
Created by:
margaretrhager
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