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Final
Spec Topic
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Most common type of blood type in felines: | A |
| Purebred feline blood types are usually: | B |
| Feline blood types: | A, B, A/B |
| __ is the universal recipient bld type for cats | A/B |
| Cats have no ____ donor : | universal donor |
| Feline donor requirements: | 10#>, neutered, vax, PCV ~35% |
| Feline donor can provide ___ml of blood every 4-5 weeks : | 60ml |
| Blood transfusions are done at a rate of ___ then increased up to___ | *1ml/kg/15-20min *22ml/kg/hr |
| Blood transfusions are given for no longer than __hrs : | 4HRS |
| Ace can cause ___ | Hypolension /Low BP |
| The most common anticoagulant system is___ given at _: | *ACD *1ml ACD/9ml blood |
| Greyhounds and pit bulls are most common ___ donor : | Universal donor |
| What are the 2 types of collection systems? | Closed system and open system |
| Giving the wrong blood type will cause : | Intravascular hemolysis |
| A PCV can remain normal for __hrs after acute bld loss and do not indicate ___: | 6hrs *Transfusion |
| Indications for blood transfusions : | Severe blood loss, chronic anemia, coagulation defects, autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
| The most common k-9 blood type is ___ and considered universal ___: | *1.1+ *recipient |
| K-9 universal donor types are: | 1.1 – |
| k-9 universal recipient type : | 1.1 + |
| k-9 universal donor type: | 1.1- |
| _% of dogs are either DEA __ or __ | *60% *1.1+/1.2+ |
| Major crossmatching: | Recpt serum to donor RBC’s |
| Minor crossmatch: | Donor serum to Recpt Rbc’s |
| K-9 donor requirements: | 55#> , 1-8yrs ,PCV40%, |
| Donor must be tested for Reckettsial diseases every __ months : | 6 months |
| Whole blood is : | less than 8 hours |
| Purpose of a blood transfusion: | Provide increase O2 |
| K-9 RBC lifespan: | 110 days |
| Feline RBC lifespan: | 70 days |
| a unit of blood is : | 250ml |
| Coagulopathy, severe life threating bleeding: | Plasma |
| actively bleeding, accute hemorrhage: | Whole blood |
| Stored whole blood: | >8 hours up to 30 days: contains plasma protein only |
| Fresh frozen plasma: | >12 months , has all clotting factors |
| Fresh plasma: | albumin/stabile factors |
| Plasma contains all clotting factors except___ | Plt's |
| Plt rich plasma is harvest from: | fresh whole blood less than 8 hours old |
| k-9 donor formula: | Lean # in kg X 99= |
| Fel donor formula: | Lean # in kg X 66= |
| Generally __% of a donors blood can be collected | 10% : kg x 99 x .10 |
| Leukemia and Hypoproteinemia do not require ___ | Transfusions |
| Fast heart beat: | Tachycardia |
| Too slow heart beat: | Bradycardia |
| Irritable heart rate: | Premature |
| Absent heart beat: | Block |
| Irregular heart beat: | Arrhythmia |
| Normal heart beat: | Normal sinus rhythm |
| Increase in HR during inspiration and decrease in HR during exhalation: | Sinus arrhythmia |
| True or False:Sinus arrhythmia's are Normal in dogs | True |
| A normal ECG paper speed is: | 25-50mm/sec |
| What are the 2 conductors used for electrodes? | Alcohol or ultrasound gel |
| Normal heart rate for dogs: | 70-160 BPM |
| Normal heart rate for felines: | 150-210 BPM |
| Sinus Bradycardia : | K-9: >45#- HR<60 BPM Fel:100 BPM or less |
| Sinus tachycardia can be caused by: | pain, fever, anemia, excitement,hyperthyroidism |
| Rapid, irregular, unsynchronized contraction of heart muscle: | Fibrillation |
| ___ is manual atrial depolarization | Defibrillation |
| If a P wave is not seen on ECG it may be a sign of: | PCV:Premature ventricular complexes |
| If no P OR QRS is seen on ECG it may be a sign of: | Ventricular fibrillation |
| A normal sinus rhythm followed by a prolonged failure of the SA node: | Sinus arrest |
| _____ are used in cases of delayed beats known as sinus arrest | Pace maker |
| First degree Av block: | Consistent delay between P and Q interval |
| Second degree Av block: | Missing QRS and gradual lengthening in P-R interval |
| Third degree Av block | No relation between P wave and QRS complex |
| ___ is known as dropped beats (gradual lengthening of P-R interval) | Sencond Deg AV block Type 1 |
| ___ is known as multiple dropped beats (Consistent P-R intervals) | Second Deg AV block type 2 |
| No electrical activity, no cardiac output: | Asystole:l;flat line |
| Medications of choice for Asystole are ____ and ___ | Epinephrine and Atropine |
| Pathway of impulse thru the heart: | SA node, AV noded, Bundle of his, L/R bundle branches, Purkinje fibers |
| Depolarization is ___ and Repolarization is ___ | *Contraction *Relaxation |
| 5 Physiologic properties of the cardiac muscle: | *Automaticity *Excitability *Refractoriness *Conductivity *Contractility |
| ___ follows the "All Or Nothing " law | Excitability |
| Heart contractions are a result of ___ and ___ | Depolarization and Re-polarization |
| Graphic recording of electrical potentials: | Electrocardiogram |
| A wave that arises from a source other than the heart: | Artifact |
| Any electrical activity that differs from the normal: | Cardiac Arrhythmia |
| Electrode/wire placement: | above the stifle skin and on the elbow skin |
| Patient connected to an ECG machine should be in ___ or ___ position | R/lateral recumbency or Standing |
| 02 levels should always be above __% | 95 |
| ECG Lead order: | R/F:White L/F:Black L/R:Red R/R:Green |
| Upward deflection ____ electrode Downward deflection ___ electrode | *Positive *Negative |
| The P wave reflects the: | SA node: atrial contraction |
| The Q Represents: | Atrial depolarization |
| R represents: | AV node: Ventricle contraction |
| S represents: | Repolarization:relaxed ventricle |
| T represents: | Resting period |
| 2 wound categories: | *Intentional *Non-intentional |
| Sx is a form of a _____ wound and Trauma or self-infliction is a form of a ____ wound | *Intentional *non-intentional |
| Disrupts normal skin integrity: | Wound |
| Wound healing begins____ | immediately |
| Phases of wound healing: | *Inflammation *Debridment *repair *maturation |
| Plt's initiate healing though release of _____ | Growth factors |
| During Inflammation: | Blood vessels constriction for 5-10 min, then dilate to release clotting factors |
| Debridement phase is the removal of ____ and occurs _____ hours after injury | *necrotic tissue *6 hours |
| Exudate includes: | WBC's and fluid |
| Wound strength is __in the first 3-_ days | *minimal *3-5 |
| Inflammation + debridment = | Lag phaase |
| Repair phase occurs ___- days after injury and lasts ___ days | *3-5days *17-20 days |
| New epithelium forms ___ days post injury if sutured ____ hrs of the injury | *4-5 days *24-48 hours |
| wound contraction occurs within ___ days | 5-9 |
| maturation is the ______ of collegen fibers to increase ____ | *cross linking *strength |
| It takes __ hrs for a blood clot to form,__ days for repair and __ yrs for a scar to completely form | *6 hrs *17-20days *1-2yrs |
| After a scar forms the skin will be to __% normal | 80% |
| _____ is cushings dz and ____ is addisons Dz | *HYPERadrenocortism *HYPOadrenocortism |
| ___ ___ and ___ are all commonly used drugs that prolong healing | Aspirin, corticosteriods, NSAIDS |
| Types of wound healing: | 1st, 2nd and 3rd intention |
| 1st intention: | Suture wound |
| 2nd Intention: | Leave wound open |
| 3RD Intention: | Leave wound open initially and then suture at a later time |
| ___ and ___ act as FB and delay healing | Creams and powders |
| You can use __ to temporarily close a wound in clinic while prepping. | Towel clamps |
| Warm ____ or ___ are used to lavage wounds | Sterile saline or electrolyte solution |
| ___, __, and ___ are never added to flushing solutions | Soap, detergent, or Antibiotics |
| A water pick or __ml syringe __g needle can be used to lavage a wound | *35ml *19g |
| Refreshment/excise of edges is known as: | En bloc |
| Removal of affected tissue in layers is known as: | Layered removal |
| Solutions that contain Trypsin are known as a form of _____ debridement and are a ___ method | *enzymatic *slow |
| Sugar, honey and saline are all forms of ___ solutions that should be used ___ tissue is present | *Hypertonic *granulation |
| Types of wound closures: | *Primary *delayed primary *contraction/epithelialization *Secondary closure |
| Primary wound closure is __ intention healing and is also called____ | *1st *Appositional healing |
| Primary closure is the ___ where a wound is still considered clean is ___ hrs after injury | *Golden period *6-8 |
| Delayed closure is ___ days after injury and before ___ tissue is formed | *1-3 days *granulation |
| Contraction and epithelialization is the _____ tissue ___ intention healing | *adhesion of granulation tissue *2nd intention |
| Deglovings are common in ___ injuries and will heal by ___ intention | *HBC *2nd intension |
| Secondary wound closures are sutured at ___ days when _____will not completely close the wound | *3-5 Days *epithelial & contraction |
| Secondary wound closure is __ intention healing | 3rd intention |
| In wound with questionable ____ or ___ should remain open | Blood supply or Dead space |
| Disturbance of epidermis or exposure of deep dermis: | Abrasion |
| Bandaging must include: | *Semiocclusive primary layer *change every 3-4 days *maintained until cover with epithelial tissue |
| Sharp incised edges: | Laceration |
| Tissue that is torn away: | Avulsion |
| Lacerations are still considered clean and can be sutured within ___ hours with ____ | *12hrs *debridment |
| If there is questionable blood supply you should: | Leave the wound open |
| survival rate of a burn victim with >50% is _____ | rare |
| 1st degree burn: | Superficial epidermis |
| 2nd degree burn: | all layers of the dermis, blisters |
| 3rd degree burn: | Full thickness/ all layers/leathery |
| 4th Degree burns: | full thickness/ involves dermis/ SQ and muscle |
| Metabolic intake of burn victim may increase up to __% | 200% |
| ____ is the key to avoiding decubital sores, by turning the patient every ___ hr | *Prevention *4 |
| What gauge needle is used for a cystocentesis and what length? | 22 k-9 *25g Fel *1-1 ½ inch |
| Types of urine collection: | voided(free catch), catheterization, cystocentesis |
| What position can you collect a cysto in a k-9? | Standing, lateral recumbancy, dorsal recumbancy |
| What position are cats in cysto collection? | lateral recumbancy |
| At what angle do you insert your needle with dorsal recumbancy? | 45 deg Cranial to caudal |
| Do you have to aseptically prep your cysto site? | No |
Created by:
brit_2112
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