Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NWHSU GA1 Q2
NWHSU Gross Anatomy 1 Quiz 2 MASH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| origin of the psoas major muscle | T12-L5 |
| Origin of rectus femoris. | anterior inferior iliac spine, ilium at upper rim of acetabulum |
| Origin of adductor longus. | Anterior Pubis |
| Origin of the vastus lateralis. | linea aspera of femur, greater trochanter of femur |
| Origin of vastus medialis. | linea aspera of femur, intertrochanteric line of femur |
| Origin of the external oblique. | Costal Cartilage of Ribs 5-12 |
| Origin of the superior gemellus. | ischial spine |
| origin of the quadratus femoris | ischial tuberosity |
| Common origin of hamstrings. | ishial tuberosity |
| Origin of the gastrocnemius. | medial & lateral epicondyle of femur |
| Origin of the extensor digitorum brevis. | anterior calcaneus |
| Insertion of the iliopsoas. | lesser trochantor of femur |
| insertion of the rectus femoris. | patella, tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament |
| Insertion of pectineus. | Pectineal line between the lesser trochanter & linea aspera of femur |
| Insertion of adductor longus. | middle 1/3 of linea aspera of femur |
| insertion of the adductor brevis muscle | linea aspera of femur, pectineal line of femur |
| Insertion of biceps femoris (be specific). | head of fibula- lateral aspect, lateral condyle of tibia |
| insertion of the adductor magnus | anterior head - adductor tubercle of femur, posterior head - linea aspera |
| insertion of fibularis longus | base of 1st metatarsal on plantar surface, 1st cuneiform tarsal bone plantar surface |
| Insertion of fibularis brevis. | base of 5th metatarsal, lateral surface |
| Discuss what functional reversal of origin and insertion means. | Origin becomes moveable, the insertion is stabilized |
| The only CUTANEOUS clinical sign a patient presents is complete loss of cutaneous sensation below the knee, except for an area along the medial part of the leg. This would indicate injury specifically to the _________ nerve. | Sciatic |
| the sciatic nerve contains fibers from these specific spinal cord segments | L4-S3 |
| the tibial nerve contains fibers from these specific spinal cord segments | L4-S3 |
| the common fibular nerve carries fibers from these spinal segments | L4-S2 |
| The sciatic nerve directly innervates what muscles | biceps femoris (long and short head), semitendinosis, semimembranosis, Adductor Magnus-posterior head |
| The tibial nerve passes immediately deep to this muscle during most of its course in the leg. | Soleus |
| the only muscular clinical sign a patient shows is involuntary inversion of the foot. This would indicate injury to the ___nerve | superficial fibular |
| Nerve of the fibularis (peroneus) brevis. | superficial fibular nerve |
| point at which the common fibular nerve is particularly vulnerable to injury | neck of fibula |
| cutaneous branch of tibial nerve which supplies skin of the posterior calf | sural nerve |
| Nerve of popliteus. | tibial nerve |
| Nerve that "Unlocks" the knee joint. | Tibial nerve |
| Nerve which passes along the medial side of the tendon of the biceps femoris, then curves around the neck of the fibula. | Common Fibular |
| The only muscular clinical sign a patient presents is a slight involuntary eversion of the foot and total foot drop. This would happen if the _________nerve was cut or severely injured. | common fibular nerve |
| specific nerve from which the sural nerve arises | common fibular nerve |
| Nerve of tibialis anterior. | deep fibular nerve |
| Innervation of the extensor hallucis longus. | deep fibular nerve |
| Innervation of the extensor digitorum brevis | deep fibular nerve |
| apart from muscular paralysis, injury to this specific nerve would present anaesthesia of the skin in the small area between the 1st and 2nd toes ONLY. | deep fibular nerve |
| the tibial nerve terminates as the | medial and lateral plantar nerve |
| femoral nerve carries fibers from these specific spinal cord segments | L2-L4 |
| Nerve that innervates pectineus. | femoral nerve |
| Innervation of the sartorius muscle. | Femoral Nerve |
| Name cutaneus branches of the femoral nerve. | Medial & Intermediate cutaneous nerves , saphenous nerve |
| obturator nerve carries fibers from these spinal segments | L2-L4 |
| Innervation of adductor magnus. | anterior head-Obturator Nerve posterior head-Sciatic Nerve |
| innervation of adductor longus | obturator nerve |
| Nerve that transverses the adductor canal to provide cutaneous innervation to the medial side of the leg, ankle, and foot to great toe. | saphenous nerve |
| Make a flowchart showing the simplest sequence of function of the nervous system. | Stimulus->Sensory Neuron(Afferent)->Motor Neuron(Efferent)->Effector Organ |
| define irritability | response to a stimulus with the initiation of a nervous impulse |
| List the basic motor functions of the nervous system. | muscular contraction & glandular secretion |
| According to lecture, name the anatomical structures placed in the peripheral nervous system | 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, autonomic nerves of the ANS |
| Define nerve. | A group of neuron fibers located in the PNS |
| Specific components innervated by the autonomic nervous system. | Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands |
| List the GENERAL sensations. | touch, temperature, proprioception, pressure, pain |
| List special sensations. | Vision, Equilibrium & Hearing, smell (olfation), taste (gustation) |
| Assuming the sciatic nerve was severed, would any cutaneous areas below the knee still have sensation? If so where and why? | Yes, skin of medial leg, ankle, foot to great toe would have sensation via saphenous nerve |
| Besides awareness/sensation of environmental changes and motor functions, give the remaining two basic functions of the nervous system. | 1) coordination of the activities of various body structures 2) thought |
| Define a tract. | group of neuron fibers in the CNS (nucleus is neuron cell bodies in CNS [nucleus-tract-CNS]) |
| Define a ganglion | group of neuron cell bodies in the PNS (nerve is a group of neuron fibers in PNS [ganglion-nerve-PNS]) |
| The deep fibular nerve runs immediately anterior to this structure through most of its course (Do not list vessel). | Interosseous Membrane |
| Name the muscles forming the 1st layer in the plantar foot. | Abductor Hallucis, Flexor Digitorum Brevis, Abductor Digiti Minimi |
| Name the intrinsic muscles of the foot that form the 1st layer. | abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi |
| Muscle that lies immediately deep to the adductor longus: it inserts on only a single landmark. | adductor brevis |
| muscle which lies immediatedly deep to adductor longus | adductor brevis |
| name the flexors of the knee | biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, popliteus, plantaris, gastrocnemius |
| Define the perimysium. | Connective Tissue which surrounds and holds groups (usually twelve) of endomysium wrapped muscle cells (a.k.a. fasicles, 1st thing visible to naked eye [muscle cell or fiber, endomysium, perimysium (about , epimysium, intermuscular septa, deep fascia] ) |
| besides being external to the epimysium and sometimes fused to it, give two other characteristics of the deep fascia | divides the muscles into functional compartments via the intramuscular septa, surrounds indivisual muscles and allows them to freely move against each other |
| specific muscle that is located on the dorsum of the foot and originates from the anterior calcaneus | extensor digitorum brevis |
| Abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the opposite side. | external oblique |
| Smallest fiber-like unit of a muscle visible to the naked eye. (do not say fiber as your answer) | Fasicle |
| Muscle in which the common fibular (peroneal) nerve divides into its terminal branches | Fibularis Longus |
| Name EVERTORS of the foot. | Fibularis Longus, Fibularis Brevis, Fibularis Tertius |
| muscle which originates from the anterior distal fibula (with extensor digitorum longus)and iserts in to the base of the 5th metatarsal | fibularis tertius |
| Name the muscles that form the 3rd layer of the plantar foot. | flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis |
| Originates on the posterior fibula only and its tendon passes behind the medial malleolus. | flexor hallucis longus |
| name the muscles whose tendons pass behind the medial malleolus. List them from posterior to anterior as they pass around the malleous | flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, a tibialis posterior |
| Muscle which originates on the proximal ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial greater trochanter. | gemellus inferior |
| Lateral rotator of hip located immediately superior to the tendon of the obturator internus muscle. | gemellus superior |
| Name the medial rotators of the hip. | Gluteus Medius (anterior fibers), Gluteus Minimus, Tensor of Fasciae Latae, Adductor Magnus (anterior head), Pectineus |
| muscle innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve | Gluteus Maximus |
| muscles which insert on the iliotibial tract | Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fasciae Latae |
| name the medial rotators of the hip | gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor of fasciae latae adductor magnus-anterior head pectineus |
| Most superficial and medial thigh adductor. | Gracilis |
| The strongest hip flexor. | iliopsoas (iliacus & psoas major) |
| muscle which orginates on the proximal ischial tuberosity and inserts on the medial greater trochanter | inferior gemellus |
| Component of deep fascia which arranges muscle into functional compartments. | Intermuscular Septa |
| abdominal muscle that rotates the trunk to the same side | Internal Oblique |
| Besides being external to the epimysium and sometimes fused to it, give 2 other characteristics of deep fascia. | Invest Body Region provides intermuscular Septa, separates individual muscle into compartments to allow them to move freely |
| Considering that muscle volume remains constant, what can one say when comparing the range of strength of contraction of an unattached muscle. | RANGE depends on fasicle LENGTH; STRENGTH depends on fasicle CROSS SECTIONAL AREA |
| name the muscles that form the 2nd layer of the plantar foot | lumbricals, quadratus plantae |
| Assume you are constructing a body and want the strongest possible muscular performance across a particular joint. What would you do? | multi-pennate muscle and attach it far away from the joint |
| Lateral rotator of hip only innervated by the obturator nerve. | obturator externus |
| Name given to the connective tissue covering the smallest unit of muscle visible to the naked eye(don’t say fiber). | Perimysium |
| Muscle which originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum and inserts into the upper part of the greater trochanter, | Piriformis |
| muscle immediately superior to the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region | Piriformis |
| Name the lateral rotators of the HIP as listed in the IEMA. | Piriformis, Gemellus Superior, Obturator Internus, Gemellus Inferior, Obturator Externus, Quadratus Femoris, Gluteus Maximus, Sartorius, Adductor Magnus (posterior head) |
| Muscle that originates only from the lateral epicondyle of the femur and inserts into the calcaneous via the Achilles tendon. | plantaris |
| Deepest muscle at the posterior knee. | popliteus |
| invertor of the foot innervated by the tibial n. | posterior tibialis |
| knee extensor and hip flexor innervated by the femoral nerve | rectus femoris |
| name the medial rotators of the knee | sartorius semitendinosus gracilis semimembranosus popliteus -when foot is not fixed on ground |
| Hamstring that inserts on the posterior medial tibial condyle | semimembranosus |
| Muscle which originates on the ischial tuberosity and inserts on the anterior proximal tibial shaft. | semitendinosus |
| considering that muscle volume remains constant. What can one say when comparing the range and strength of contraction of an unattached muscle | they are inversely related |
| Dorsiflexor of the foot which inserts on the base of the 1st metatarsal and 1st cuneiform. | tibialis anterior |
| Name invertors of the foot. | Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis Posterior |
| Name the dorsiflexors of the ankle. | tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius |
| Invertor of the foot innervated by tibial nerve. | Tibialis Posterior |
| a patient presents a sprained ankle caused by excessive inversion. give specific ligamentous damage. | anterior talofibular ligament |
| Name the ligaments that run from the tibia to the lateral malleolus. | Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament, Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament |
| A patient presents a sprained ankle caused by excessive eversion. Give specific ligamentous damage. | Deltoid ligament |
| A ligament deep to the dorsal sacroiliac ligament, located in the deep groove between the sacrum and the ilium. | interosseous sacroiliac ligament |
| Be able to identify from netter diagrams... | Oblique Popliteal Ligament, Ischiofemoral Ligament and suprapatellar bursa |
| a patient is flat-footed due to flattening of the medial longitudinal arch. This would indicate what specific ligamentous damage | plantar calcaneonavicular ligament |
| Name 2 important ligaments with attachments to the ischium and sacrum. | sacrospinous ligament; sacrotuberous ligament |
| Define the superficial inguinal ring | a gap in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle |
| Specifically, what forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal | aponeurosis of external oblique muscle |
| Specifically what forms the important conjoined tendon. | aponeurosis of transversus abdominis & internal oblique muscles |
| Give components which form the medial wall of the inguinal canal. | Conjoined Tendon, Rectus Sheath |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the internal oblique. | Cremaster Muscle |
| portion of the spermatic cord derived from the internal oblique | cremaster muscle and it's fascia |
| what structure anteriorly contribute to the rectus sheath above the level of the anterior superior iliac spine | external oblique and one of two internal oblique |
| Portion of the spermatic cord derived from the aponeurosis of the external oblique. | External Spermatic Fascia |
| Define the deep inguinal ring. | Gap in the transversalis fascia |
| differentiate between the course of a direct and indirect inguinal hernia | indirect hernia penetrates the deep inguinal canal and pushes its way through the superficial inguinal canal. Direct hernia's go straight down going around the conjoined tendon and eventually pushing it's way through the superficial inguinal canal. |
| name the component from which the cremaster m. is formed | internal oblique muscle |
| forms the ROOF of the inguinal canal | internal oblique transversus abdominus |
| specifically, what forms the important conjoined tendon | internal oblique, transversus abdominus |
| define the structure of the deep inquinal ring | represents a gap in the tranversalis fascia |
| what forms the posterior wall of the inguinal canal | tranversalis fascia |
| Specific landmark where popliteal artery begins. | adductor hiatus |
| artery which runs with the deep peroneal nerve | anterior tibial artery |
| Artery which directly gives rise to most of the dorsal metatarsal arteries. | arcuate artery |
| Name the DIRECT (immediate) branches of the dorsalis pedis artery. | Arcuate Artery, 1st Dorsal Metatarsal Artery and deep plantar artery |
| How does the great saphenous vein become a tributary to the deep veins….include what it drains into and how it gains access to it. | Collects from sole, dorsum of foot, and thigh and drains into the femoral vein via the saphenous hiatus (opening in the fascia lata) |
| Specific vessel supplying skin of the labia majora, perineum and scrotum. | deep external pudendal artery |
| Arises from the arcuate artery. | dorsal metatarsal aa & dorsal digital aa |
| name the vessels which help to form the cruciate anastomosis | inferior gluteal artery, 1st branch of perforating a., medial femoral circumflex a., lateral femoral circumflex a. |
| In detail, how does the great saphenous vein become a tributary to the deep veins | it arises from dorsal digitals, dorsal metatarsal and dorsal venous arch and travels up medial leg to the saphenous hiatus which is a gap in the fascia latae. it is then a tributary to the femoral vein |
| Artery that specifically supplies the adductors, obturator externus, acetabulum, and the head of the femur. | Medial Femoral circumflex |
| Give 2 vessels which help form the cruciate anastomosis. | Medial Femoral Circumflex, Lateral Femoral Circumflex, (other 2 -Inferior Gluteal and 1st Perforating Arteries) |
| Artery that gives rise to perforating arteries of thigh. | Perfunda Femoris |
| Beginning with the popliteal artery, make a flow chart showing the course a drop of blood would mainly take to reach the lateral compartment muscles of the leg. | popliteal artery, anterior tibial artery, fibular artery |
| Small saphenous vein is direct tributary. | popliteal vein |
| the fibular artery is a branch of this artery | posterior tibial artery |
| Artery of which the medial femoral circumflex is a direct branch. | Profunda Femoris |
| Superficial vein which drains the lateral part of the foot and the posterior leg. | Small Saphenous Vein |
| branch of femoral artery which parallels the inguinal ligament to supply skin in the area of the iliac crest | superficial circumflex iliac artery |
| Give two vessels which help to form the cruciate anastomosis | superior gleatal vessels inferior gleatal vessels |
| action of gluteus minimus | abduction and medial of femur rotation of hip |
| Action of the gluteus medius. | abduction of femur & anterior fibers - medial rotation of femur |
| List four actions of the sartorius muscle. | abduction of hip flexion of femur lateral rotation of hip flexion of knee |
| Action of gluteus minimus. | abduction, medial rotation of femur |
| Action of the gracilis across the hip joint. | adduction of femur |
| action of fibularis longus | eversion and plantar flexion of ankle |
| Action of peroneus (fibularis) tertius. | eversion of foot, assists in dorsiflexion of foot |
| Action of the peroneus (fibularis) longus. | Eversion of the foot, Plantarflexion of the ankle |
| Action of the semitendinosus across the hip joint. | extension of femur |
| Two primary actions of the gluteus maximus. | extension of femur, lateral rotation of extended hip |
| Action of pectineus. | flexion and adduction of femur, assists medial rotation of femur |
| action of semitendinosus across the knee joint | flexion and medial rotation |
| action of pectineus | flexion of femur adductor of hip |
| List 4 actions of the sartorius muscle. | flexion of femur, abduction of femur, lateral rotation of femur, flexion of knee, medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed |
| Action of the rectus femoris. | Flexion of Hip, Extention of knee |
| Action of the semitendinosus across the knee joint. | flexion of knee joint |
| action of the rectus femoris muscle | flexion of the hip and extension of the knee |
| List individual names and actions of the muscles collectively known as the triceps surae. | Gastrocnemius: knee flexion plantarflexion of ankle Soleus: Plantar Flexion of ankle |
| Action of the Plantaris. | Knee flexion, plantarflexion of foot |
| Function of popliteus muscle. | Lateral rotation of femur to Unlock the knee, assists in medial rotation of tibia when knee is flexed |
| Action of soleus. | plantarflexion of ankle |
| Action of gastrocnemius. | plantarflexion of ankle & assists in flexion of knee |
| function of the popliteus muscle | unlock the knee |
| ___________ are SPECIFIC TYPE receptors used for smell and taste. They are classified functionally as ________ (use letter-classification) fibers. | chemoreceptors, SVA |
| Are specific type receptors used, for example, as pain detectors in the skin they are functionally classified as (use letter). | Exteroceptors - GSA |
| Give the functional 3 letter classification and name a proprioceptor. | GSA-Golgi Tendon Apparatus or muscle spindles sense change in position of body |
| 3 letter classification for pain caused by distention | GVA, interoceptors |
| Name & Classify (use letter classification) the specific type of visceral receptor which deals with pain caused by distention. | Interoceptor, GVA |
| Give the functional 3 letter CLASSIFICATION and name a proprioceptor | muscle spindles, GSA |
| classify efferents to the muscles of facial expression. why are they classified as such | SVE because they are from the brachial arches of embryo |
| Classify (use 3 letter classification)efferents to the muscles of the facial expression and mastication. Why are they classified as such? | SVE, because they are the skeletal muscles of the branchial arches |
| classify -3 letter-efferents to the muscles of facial expression and mastication. Why are they classified as such? | SVE, they come from the brachial arches in an embryo |
Created by:
AnatomyMash
Popular Chiropractic sets