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Endocrine E3,3
Endocrine E3 male vs female brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what gender is the fetal brain until week 8 | female |
| what causes the fetal brain to turn male after week 8 | high testosterone surge |
| what areas change in the male brain at week 8 due to surge in testosterone | 1)increase in sex and aggression centers like medial preoptic area of hypothalamus 2)decrease in communication & observation centers |
| what happens to the fetal brain at week 8 without testosterone surge | 1)sprouts more connections in the communication centers & centers that process emotion like prefrontal cortex which is larger in women and matures 1-2 years faster |
| what happens in the 1st 3 months of a baby girls brain | skills in eye & facial gazing increase 400%, boys do not increase |
| girls have better developed brain circuits for gathering meaning from | faces and tone of voice |
| estrogen is secreted in large amounts from 6 months to 24 months then what | turned off until puberty |
| what gender is better at empathy | girls |
| what happens in infantile puberty for females | 1)marinate in high estrogen for 6-24 months 2)enhancing growth of neurons & female brain circuits for observation & commnunication |
| what happens in infantile puberty for males | 1)marinates in high testosterone from birth-12 months 2)+ muscle development, motor skills 3)after a year testosterone decreases but mullerian inhibitory hormone remains high during juvenile pause continue to form & fuel male specific brain circuits |
| in a study: children were told not to play with a toy what did the girls do | 1)very few girls touch the toy 2)looked at mother 10-20x more than boys for signs of approval/disapproval |
| in a study: children were told not to play with a toy what did the boys do | 1)moved around room 2)rarely glanced at mother's face 3)frequently touched forbidden toy even when mother shouted "no" 4)boys seemed compelled to investigate environment |
| what are the effects of estrogen on girl's behavior | 1)invested in preserving harmonious relationships 2)avoid conflict 3)make social bonds based on communication & compromise 4)more talkative(loquacious) 5)sensitive to social nuance |
| what are the effects of testosterone on boy's behavior | 1)promotes aggression -"wrestling" increases dopamine -designed to protect and defend 2)boys will go behind parents backs to take risks more often than girls 3)boys spend 65% of free time in competitive games compared to 35% of girls |
| what are the hormonal differences on brain circuits | 1)male circuits use more testosterone & vasopressin 2)female circuits use more estrogen & oxytocin |
| what are the 2 emotional systems | 1)mirror neuron system 2)temporal-parietal junction |
| describe the mirror neuron system | 1)neurons fire when we watch others performing motor activities & thought to help us relate to what others are doing 2)emotional empathy 3)dominate in females |
| describe the temporal-parietal junction | 1)"analyze and fix it" problem solving 2)keeps a firm boundary between self and other 3)dominate in males |
| men and women feel anger the same number of times a day but what gender shows more physical aggression | males 20x more |
| why do men show more physical aggression | circuits fueled by testosterone & vasopressin along with epinephrine and cortisol |
| what is the brains center for fear, anger & aggression, and what gender is different | 1)amygdala 2)males is larger due to large number of testosterone receptors |
| what is the brains center for suppression of fear, anger & aggression and what gender is different | 1)prefrontal cortex 2)larger in female |
| what does the degree of anger correlate with | levels of testosterone, both decline with age |
| what happens to the prefrontal cortex(frontal lobe) when angry | shuts down |
| what is associated with anger | sympathetic nervous system |
| how does anger affect physical fear | reduces it |
| anger activates territorial fight reaction which stimulates | sympathetic nervous system |
| intense anger along with high testosterone stimulates what | reward/pleasure centers along medial forebrain including lateral and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei |
| what is the negative affects of anger | reduces perception of risk |
| what is the positive affects of anger | makes us think more clearly |
| men and women remember facts equally but what do females do better | recall the emotional events during the facts |
| how are males affected by pregnancy hormonally | 1)in last tri. testosterone decreases by 33% and prolactin increases by 20% -prolactin stimulates connections in the brain for paternal behavior and decreases sex drive 2)due to pheromones by female -sympathetic pregnancy, weight gain |
| the male brain uses what for social bonding and parenting | vasopressin |
| what are the affects of vasopressin in males | 1)stimulated by testosterone & triggered by sexual orgasm 2)boosts energy, attention, aggression 3)increase levels of dopamine 4)vasopressin receptors are more present in males |
| what does the female brain use for social bonding and parenting | 1)oxytocin 2)estrogen 3)dopamine |
| cuddling releases oxytocin which increases what | dopamine |
| what are the effects of oxytocin on behavior of both sexes | 1)relaxation 2)fearlessness 3)bonding 4)contentment with one another |
| males need to be touched 2-3x more frequently than females to maintain the same levels of what | oxytocin |
| without frequent touch what happens to the males brain | 1)brains oxytocin & dopamine circuits & receptors become deficient 2)keeps them coming back for more |
| what does dopamine do | 1)stimulates motivation & pleasure circuits in the brain 2)stimulates ovarian estrogen at onset of puberty 3)stimulated by testosterone in boys |
| in boys physical play stimulate what in the brain | testosterone |
| testosterone also stimulates what in the male brain | vasopressin |
Created by:
ellerjason12
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