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White-genitourinary
genitourinary / male repro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| antibiotics | inhibit or kill bacterial microogranisms |
| antidiuretics | reduce or control excretion of urine |
| antispasmodics | decrease spasms in the urethra and bladder |
| diuretics | promote excretion of urine; substance which increases the production of urine |
| potassium supplements | treat or prevent hypokalemia |
| androgens | increase testosterone levels |
| anti-impotence agents | treat erectile dysfunction |
| spermicides | chemically destroy sperm before they are able to enter the uterus; medication used to inhibit the sperm's passage to the ovum. It is an 85% effective as a birth control measure. |
| acute | having a rapid onset, sever symptoms and a short course |
| aspermia | lack of, or failure to, ejaculate sperm |
| anuria | the absense of urine |
| azotemia | metabolic wastes in the blood |
| balanitis | inflammation of the head of the penis |
| benign prostatic hypertrophy | enlargement of the prostate resulting in the inability of the bladder to empty completely |
| bladder | an expandable hollow organ which acts as a temporary reservoir for urine |
| Bowman's Capsule | part of the renal corpuscle; surrounds the glomerulus of the nephron |
| calculi | commonly called stones; usually composed of mineral salts |
| calyx | the cuplike division of the kidney pelvis (pl. calyces) |
| catheterization | to insert a catheter into a cavity to remove body fluid |
| circumcision | surgical removal of the foreskin from the head of the penis |
| cryptoorchidism | failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac prior to birth |
| cystitis | inflammation of the bladder |
| cystectomy | excision of the bladder |
| cystography | the introduction of dye into the bladder providing visualizatiion of the bladder |
| cystoscopy | visual examination of the bladder |
| dialysis | removal of the products of urine from the blood by passage of the solutes through a membrane |
| dysuria | painful urination |
| ejaculation | the expulsion of seminal fluid from the male urethra |
| elimination | to remove, get rid of, exlude; also to pass urine from the bladder or stool mfrom the bowel |
| epididymis | a single, tightly coiled tube above each testis that stores sperm after if leaves the seminiferious tubules |
| epispadias | when the urethra opens on the upper surface of the penis |
| excretion | the process of expelling material from the body |
| fistula | an abnormal tube-like passage from a normal cavity or an abscess to a free surface |
| foreskin | loose skin covering the end of the penis |
| frequency | the need to void urine often though usually only a small amount at one time |
| glomerulus | the microscopic cluster of capillaries within the Bowman's capsule of the nephron |
| gonadotropin | hormonal preparation used to raise sperm count in cases of infertility |
| gynecomastia | develpment of abnormally large breasts in the male |
| hematuria | blood in the urine |
| hemodialysis | mechanical removal of waste substances from the blood |
| hesitancy | difficulty starting a urine stream |
| hilum | the recessed area of the kidney where the ureter and blood vessels enter |
| hydrocele | the accumulation of serous fluid in a cavity |
| impotence | inability of a male to obtain or maintain an erection |
| inguinal canal | passageway in the groin for the spermatic cord in the male |
| inguinal hernia | presence of small intestine in the inguinal canal |
| intravenous pyelography (IVP) | the insertion of a radioplaque material into the vein for the purpose of x-raying the kidneys and ureters |
| incontinence | involuntary discharge of urine |
| kidney | fist-sized organs in the abdominal vcavity whose function is to cleanse or purify the blood |
| laparoscopy | visual examination of abdomen, through an incision just below the navel |
| KUB | kidney, ureter, bladder |
| lithotriptor | a device that destroys urinary stones with laser technology |
| micturition | voiding |
| nephrolith | kidney stone |
| nephrolithiasis | presence of or condition of or formation of a kidney stone |
| nephrolysis | surgical separation of an inflamed kidney from adhesions (scar tissue) |
| nephropexy | suspension (suturing) of the kidney |
| nephrotomography | a study in which several planes of the kidney are visualized |
| nocturia | night urination |
| oliguria | scanty/decreaded urination |
| orchiectomy | surgical removal of the testes |
| orchiepididymitis | imflammation of the testes and epididymis |
| penis | male external sex organ |
| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum (the membrane which lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs) |
| phimosis | stenosis of the opening of the prepuce preventing retraction of the foreskin |
| polycystic kidney disease | a condition of multiple cysts in the kidneys |
| prostate | a gland of the male reproductive system which surrounds the proximal portion of the urethra |
| prostatectomy | excision of part of or all of the prostate gland |
| prostatocystalgia | pain in the prostate and bladder |
| prostatomy | incision into the prostate |
| ptosis | a drooping or dropping of an organ or part, for example the eyelid or the kidney |
| puberty | age of sexual maturation |
| pyelitis | inflammation of the renal pelvis |
| pyelolithotomy | removal of a stone from the renal pelvis by an incision |
| pyuria | pus in the urine |
| renal | pertaining to the kidney |
| renal artery | carries waste laden blood to the tubules within the kidney for purification |
| renal pelvis | an enlarged funnel-shaped extension of the ureter |
| renal vein | structure which carries the blood away from the kidney |
| residual | pertaining to that which is left as a residue |
| retention | inability to void urine which is present in the bladder |
| secretion | separation of certain materials from the blood by the activity of a gland |
| semen | the mixtures of secretions from the various glands and organs of the reproductive system of the male, which is expelled at orgasm |
| sperm | the male gamete or sex cell |
| stricture | the narrowing of an opening, tube, or canal, such as the urethra or esophagus |
| TUR/ TURP | transurethral resection (or the prostate gland) |
| Uremia | toxic condition of nitrogenous wastes in the blood |
| ureter | a slender tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the bladder |
| Ureterectasis | dilation of the ureter |
| ureterectomy | removal of a ureter |
| ureterpyelostomy | anastomosis (the connection of two structures) of ureter and renal pelvis |
| ureterovesicostomy | reimplantation of a ureter into the bladdler |
| urethra | a membranous tube that carries urine from the bladder the the outside of the body |
| urethrectomy | removal of the urethra |
| urethritis | imflammation of the urethra |
| urethropexy | surgical fixation of the urethra |
| urethroplasty | surgical repair of the urethra |
| urethroscopy | visual examination of the urethra |
| urgency | the sudden need to expel urine or stool |
| urinalysis | urine test whcih provides general information on the health of the body as a whole |
| urinary system | eliminates harmful products in the blood and filters them through urination |
| urochrome | urine colour |
| urologist | one who specializes in the study of the urinary system |
| variocele | swelling and distention of veins of the spermatic cord |
| vas deferens | excretory duct f the testes |
| vasectomy | the cutting out of a portion of the vas deferens |
| filtrate | fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli of the kidney |
| nitrogenous wastes | products of cellular metabolism that contain nitrogen; substances that are removed by nephrons |
| peristaltic waves | sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent backflow |
| peritoneum | serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity |
| macroscopic structures that make up the urinary system: | two kidneys; two ureters; bladder; urethra |
| nephron | microscopic structures responsible for maintaing homeostasis by continually adjusting and regulating the contents of blood plasma |
| begins as filtrate, travels through the long, twisted pathway of the tubule. Most of the water and some of the electrolytes and amino acids are returned to the peritubular capillaries and reenter the circulating blood. | reabsorption |
| the final stage of urine formation. Waste products, such as ammonia, uric acid, and metabolic products of medications are secreted into the filtrate to be eliminated in the urine. | secretion |
| occurs in the renal corpuscle, where plasma containing water, electrolytes, sugar, and other small molecules is forced into the Bowman capsule to from filtrate | filtration |
| begins as filtrate, travels through the long, twisted pathway of the tubule. Most of the water and some of the electrolytes and amino acids are returned to the peritubular capillaries and reenter the circulating blood. | reabsorption |
| the final stage of urine formation. Waste products, such as ammonia, uric acid, and metabolic products of medications are secreted into the filtrate to be eliminated in the urine. | secretion |
| 2 main parts to each nephron | renal corpuscle & renal tubule |
| consists of glomerulus & Bowman's capsule | renal corpuscle |
| surrounds glomurulus | Bowman's capsule |
| leads away from Bowman's capusle and becomes highly coiled | renal tubule |
| first process in the production of urine | filtration |
| process where filtrate passes through each section of renal tubule | reabsorption |
| inflammation of the glomerular walls; can be caused by bacteria, RBC & protein pass into the Bowman's capsule | glomerulonephritis |
| occurs when stones are present in the kidney, most often occurs within the kidney itself, when lodged in the ureter, they cause colic | nephrolithiasis |
| most common form of kidney disease, aka kidney infection or complicated UTI, UA reveals bacteria, pyuria, & hematuria | pyelonephritis |
| inflammation of the bladder, more common in female because bacteria have a shorter trip to the bladder | cystitis |
| cystitis and pyelonephritis are examples of: | UTI |
| any blockage of the bladder outlet, the kidney loses the ability to function properly | BNO |
| usual cause is ischemia or nephrotoxic injury, injury may be caused by drugs or decreased blood supply. Ischemia may be due to a decreased blood flow due to trauma | ATN |
| renal failure which occurs over a period of years. Due to decreased number of functioning nephrons, kidneys lose their ability to maintain volume and composition of body fluids w/normal dietary intake | CRF |
| nephron | filtering units located in the kidney tissue that continually adjust body condition to add or remove substances from the blood; maintain homeostasis |
| where does secretion occur? | nephron |
| how much filtrate is reabsorbed? | 90% |
| which arteriole takes blood to the nephron? | afferent arteriole |
| name the two components that make up the renal corpuscle | glomerulus; Bowman's capsule |
| where does filtration occur? | renal corpuscle |
| where does excretion occur? | renal tubule |
Created by:
MedixMOA
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