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7Sci_Ch 13 Sec 1

The Diversity of Cells

QuestionAnswer
What is the smallest unit that can perform all the processes necessary for life? cell
Who was the first person to describe cells? Hooke
Who discovered single-celled organisms including bacteria? Leeuwenhoek
Who concluded that all plant parts were made of cells? Schleiden
Who concluded that all animal tissues were made of cells? Schwann
Who concluded that all cells come from existing cells? Virchow
Why can a chicken egg grow so large? It doesn't have to take in nutrients
What limits most cells to a very small size? the surface area-to-volume ratio of the cell
How would you calculate the surface area-to-volume ratio? divide the total surface area of the cell by the cell's volume
What are "animalcules" today known as? protists
Who helped to develop the microscope? Robert Hooke and Anton van Leeuwenhoek
What does the phrase "does everything needed for life" describe? a cell
Where do all cells come from? cells
What protects the inside of a cell from the outside world? cell membrane
How are archaebacteria different from eubacteria? archaebacteria have different ribosomes
Why did Robert Hooke think animals didn't have cells? he couldn't see their cells in a microscope
Which two things must be compared to explain why almost all cells are small? surface area and volume
What is an organelle that is membrane-bound? it is surrounded by membranes
What type of DNA do both archaebacteria and eubacteria have? circular DNA
What is cytoplasm? the fluid inside a cell
What are cells that have no membrane-covered organelles? prokaryotic
What four elements do all cells have in common? cell membranes, organelles, cytoplasm and DNA
What are three elements that plant cells have and animal cells do not? cell walls, chloroplasts and chlorophyll
Why weren't cells discovered until 1665? almost all cells were too small to be seen with the naked eye
What invention made cells discovery possible? microscope
When Robert Hooke saw the "juice" in some cells, what was he looking at? cytoplasm
What are ribosomes? tiny, round organelles made of protein and other material
What is the surface area-to-volume ratio? the reason that most cells are limited to a very small size
What is the cell membrane? a protective layer that covers the cell's surface and acts as a barrier
What are organelles? small bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform specific functions
What contains the cell's DNA and has a role in growth, metabolism and reproduction? nucleus
What is a prokaryote? an organism that consists of a single cell that doesn't have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelle
What is eubacteria? prokaryotes that are the smallest cells and have ribosomes
What is archaebacteria? prokaryotes that incude extremophiles
What are extremophiles? organisms that live in extreme conditions
What is a eukaryote? an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane
What is DNA? genetic material in cells
What is a cell with a nucleus? eukaryote
What is cell without a nucleus? prokaryote
Where is DNA stored? nucleus
What is a word that describes most organisms that you can see with your nakeb eye? multicellular
What are the two basic kinds of cells? eukaryotes and prokaryotes
How do eukaryotes compare in size to prokaryotes? eukaryotes are about 10 times larger
Does eukaryote or prokaryote best describe humans? eukaryote
Created by: masonteach
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