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Anatomy_Chapter_13
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arteries carry blood from the | heart to the capillaries |
| Smaller arteries are called | arterioles |
| The innermost layer of an artery is the | tunica intima |
| The tunica intima is made of | simple squamous epithelium called endothelium |
| The peptide endothelin stimulates | contraction of this smooth muscle and is therefore a vasoconstrictor |
| The middle layer of an artery is the | tunica media |
| The tunica media is made of | smooth muscle and elastic connective tissue |
| The outermost layer of an artery is the | tunica externa |
| The tunica externa is made of | fibrous connective tissue |
| The outer and middle layers of large arteries are quite | thick |
| Veins carry blood from | capillaries back to the heart |
| The smaller veins are called | venules |
| The inner layer of veins is | smooth endothelium |
| The middle layer of veins is a | thin layer of smooth msucle |
| An anastomosis is a | connection, or joining, of vessels, that is, artery to artery or vein to vein |
| Ar arterial anastomosis helps ensure that | blood will get to the capillaries of an organ to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products |
| Capillaries carry blood from | arterioles to venules |
| Epidermis, cartilage, and the lens and cornea of the eye do not have | capillaries |
| Blood flow into capillary networks is regulate by smooth muscles cells called | precapillary sphincters |
| Some organs have another type of capillary called ________, which are larger and more permeable than are other capillaries | sinusoids |
| Gases move by | diffusion |
| Albumins contribues to the | colloid osmotic pressure |
| Pulmonary veins are the only veins that contain | oxygenate blood |
| The circle of Willis is the | "circle" of arteries around the pituitary gland |
| Hepatic portal circulation is a | subdivision of systemic circulation in which blood from the abdominal digestive organs and spleen circulates through the liver before returning to the heart |
| The site of exchange fetus and mother is the | placenta |
| Umbilical veins carries | oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus |
| Ductus venosus goes to | the inferior vena cava, to the right atrium |
| Foramen ovale | the opening in the interatrial spetum that permits some blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium |
| Ductus arteriosus | a short vessels that diverts most blood in the pulmonary artery to the aorta, to the body |
| Blood pressure | is the force the blood that exerts against the walls of the blood vessels |
| Systolic pressure | the blood pressure when the left ventricle is contracting |
| Diastolic pressure | when the left ventricle is relaxed and does not exert force |
| Hypertension | higher than normal blood pressure |
| Hypotension | lower than normal blood pressure |
| Venous return | The amount of blood that returns to the heart by way of the veins |
| Skeletal muscle pump | when veins are surrounded by skeletal muscles that contract and relax during normal activities such as walking. Contractions of the leg muscles squeeze the veins to force blood toward the heart |
| Respiratory pump | The pressure changes of inhalation and exhalation alternately expand and compress the veins, and blood is returned to the heart |
| If heart rate and force increase | then blood pressure will increase |
| Seven things that help maintain blood pressure | venous return, heart rate and force, peripheral resistance, elasticity of the large arteries, viscosity of the blood, loss of blood and hormones |
| The kidneys are involved in | reninangiotensin mechanism |
| Angiotensin II causes | vasoconstriction and stimulates secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. |
| The medulla contains the | vasomotor center |
| The vasomotor center contains the | vasoconstictor area and vasodilator area |
| The vasodilator area brings about | dilation of the blood vessels, decreasing blood pressure |
| The vasoconstriction area brings about | constriction of the blood vessels, increasing blood pressure |
Created by:
akikoandpoog
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