Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Biochemistry 2 E2
Biochemistry 2 Palmer Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the enzymes of fatty acid synthesis | 1)acetyl CoA carboxylase 2)fatty acid synthase 3)citrate lyase |
| what are the stimulants of fatty acid synthesis | 1)high ATP 2)NADPH, NADH, FADH2 3)citrate 4)insulin |
| what inhibits fatty acid synthesis | 1)AMP, ADP(low energy charge) 2)NADP, NAD, FAD 3)palmitoyl CoA 4)catecholamines, glucagon, ACTH, cortisol 5)malonyl CoA |
| what is the enzyme for glycogen synthesis | glycogen synthase |
| what stimulates glycogen synthesis | 1)glucose 6 phosphate 2)ATP(high energy charge) 3)insulin |
| what are the enzymes for gluconeogenisis | 1)pyruvate carboxylase 2)glucose 6 phosphate 3)fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase 4)PEP carboxykinase |
| what stimulates gluconeogenisis | 1)low blood glucose 2)glucagon 3)ATP(high energy) 4)pyruvate, lactate, alanine, OAA |
| what inhibits gluconeogenisis | 1)high blood glucose 2)insulin 3)AMP, ADP (low energy charge) 4)fructose 2,6 bisphosphate |
| what is the function of GLUT 2 | glucose, galactose & fructose -out of the intestine into blood -into the liver -insulin dependent |
| what is the function of GLUT 4 | glucose into muscle and adipose tissue -stimulated by insulin -stimulated by low energy charge -facilitated diffusion |
| what are 4 main things to know about glucokinase | -high Km -not inhibited by G6P -stimulated by insulin -in liver |
| what is the sequence for glucokinase | 1)eat carbs 2)elevated blood glucose 3)elevated insulin 4)fat and muscle glucose transport 5)muscle full of glycogen so glycogen goes to liver 6)glucokinase 7)glycolysis runs 8)energy/raw material 9)fat building |
| what are 3 main things to know about hexokinase | -low Km -inhibited by G6P -in muscle |
| where is fatty acid synthesis | cytosol |
| what 2 molecules are needed to start fatty acid synthesis | 1)acetyl CoA 2)malonyl CoA |
| fatty acid synthase CRDR | Condenses (adds 2 carbons) Reduces (with NADPH) Dehydrates Reduces (with NADPH) |
| enzymes essential for fructose metabolism | -fructokinase -triokinase |
| fructose skips what | regulation of PFK |
| conditions that stimulate fatty acid synthesis | 1)high energy 2)lots of acetyl CoA, NADH, FADH2, Citrate, sugar 3)insulin |
| what are the key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis | -citrate lyase -acetyl CoA carboxylase -fatty acid synthase (CRDR) |
| H ! R-C-COOH ----> ! NH3 (amino acid) | R-C-COOH !! O (keto acid) |
| what ends in -Cholate | bile salt, steroid hormone |
| HMG CoA reductase is | irreversible |
| where are bile salts made | in the liver |
| HMG CoA ------> mevalonate what enzyme | HMG-CoA reductase |
| storage form of glucose has what kind of bonds | alpha 1,4 or alpha 1,6 |
| what are 2 types of starch | -amylose, alpha 1,4 -amylopectin, alpha 1,4 & 1,6 |
| where would you store glycogen | cytosol |
| where is glucose 6 phosphate | only in the liver |
| glucose 6 phosphate is converted to glucose 1 phosphate by what enzyme | phosphoglucomutase |
| what enzyme is used for UTP+glucose 1 phosphate ----> UDP-glucose | UDP-glucose pyrophorylase |
| what enzyme is used to add glucose to glycogenin | glycogen initiator synthase |
| what enzyme is used to add more glucose to the chain of glycogenin | glycogen synthase |
| when glucose 1 phosphate is converted to glucose 6 phosphate what enzyme is used | phosphoglucomutase |
| what breaks down glycogen | glycogen phosphorylase |
| what 2 enzymes are required for cutting down branches of glycogen | -glucosyl(4:4) transferase -amylo-alpha-(1,6)-glucosidase |
| what regulates the pathway from glycogen to glucose 1 phosphate | 1)low ATP 2)lots of ADP/AMP 3)low glucose 4)glucagon 5)muscle contraction(calcium) |
| what regulates the pathway from glucose 1 phosphate to glycogen | 1)lots of ATP 2)lots of glucose 3)insulin 4)low glycogen levels |
| what is the most potent stimulator of glycogen synthase | glycogen levels in muscle |
| what are the enzymes used in glycogen synthesis | 1)hexokinase/glucokinase 2)phosphoglucomutase 3)UDP glucose pyrophorylase 4)pyrophosphotase 5)glycogen initiator synthase 6)glycogen synthase 7)glucosyl 4:6 transferase |
| what enzymes are used for glycogen breakdown | 1)glycogen phosphorylase 2)phosphoglucomutase 3)glucosyl (4:4) transferase 4)amylo-alpha-(1,6)-glucosidase |
| glycogen phosphorylase(liver) during exercise is running faster why? | -muscle contraction uses ATP -muscle low energy charge -muscle stimulates PC, glycolysis, kreb's, electron transport chain -glycogen breakdown -muscle consumes glucose from blood -blood glucose is low -secretes glucagon |
| liver energy charge increases during exercise | glycogen synthase=inhibit glycogen phosphorylase=stimulate gluconeogenesis=stimulate glycolysis=inhibit |
| what happens when you eat sugar and you are resting | -increase blood glucose -increase insulin -increase [glucose] in cells -stimulate glycolysis -stimulate glycogen synthesis -stimulate fat synthesis |
| what is gluconeogenesis | synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors |
| what are the main entry points into gluconeogenesis | -pyruvate -oxaloacetate -DHAP |
| what are the main non-carbohydrate precursors for gluconeogenesis | -lactic acid -amino acid -glycerol |
| where is gluconeogenesis taking place | liver 90% and kidney 10% |
| what enzymes are responsible for the irreversible reactions of glycolysis | 1)hexokinase 2)phosphofructokinase 3)pyruvate kinase |
| WHERE IS PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE | mitochondrial matrix |
| what are the enzymes for glycolysis | -glucokinase -phosphofructokinase -pyruvate kinase |
| what are the enzymes for gluconeogenesis | -glucose 6 phosphate -fructose 1,6-bisphosphate -pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase |
| liver takes up lactic acid and creates | glucose |
| what is the primary source of glucose from gluconeogenesis at rest | alpha ketoacids |
| what is the corresponding alpha ketoacid with alanine | pyruvate |
| what is the corresponding amino acid with pyruvate | alanine |
| what are the 3 common ketones | -acetoacetate -beta hydroxybutyrate -acetone |
| which would inhibit ketone body formation | -glucose -carbs |
| what is the cheerleader for glycolysis, and what does it do | fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, activates PFK in the liver |
| what is the exercise sequence for gluconeogenesis | 1)low energy charge 2)+ glycogen breakdown,glycolysis,kreb's, glucose entry in the muscle 3)lower blood glucose 4)secrete glucagon 5)+glycogen breakdown in liver 6)-glycogen synthesis in liver 7)slows glycolysis in liver 8)+ gluconeogenesis in live |
| what is the cori cycle | muscle-lactate-GNG in liver-glucose |
| what is the glucose alanine cycle | muscle-alanine-GNG in liver-glucose |
| what are the steps for the cori cycle | 1)exercis lowers blood glucose 2)glucagon secreted 3)muscle releases lactate 4)lactate goes to liver becomes glucose 5)GNG + by glucagon 6)lactate turned into pyruvate 7)pyruvate turned into glucose 8)glucose goes into blood 9)muscle gets glucose |
| what are the steps for the glucose alanine cycle | 1)during exercise 2)glycolysis runs fast 3)AA enters krebs 4)pyruvate from glycolysis takes amino group 5)pyruvate + NH3-->alanine 6)alanine goes to liver,pyruvate turns to glucose, NH3 turns to urea 7)alanine-->pyruvate + NH3 |
| where is pyruvate carboxylase | mitochondrial matrix |
| what is NOT gluconeogenic | fatty acid |
| what is stolen from the krebs cycle to make glucose during ketosis | oxaloacetate |
| what is the name of the protein that glycogen attaches to | glycogenin |
| low blood sugar, what is stimulated | pyruvate carboxylase & glycogen phosphorylase |
Created by:
ellerjason12
Popular Chiropractic sets