Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A.P.U.S.H. Ch. 23
An American Empire
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How did the United States feel about foreign policy during the 1800's? | The U.S. displayed "only a languid interest" in foreign policy preferring to prioritize industrial development, western settlement, and domestic politics. |
| How did the Civil War affect the United States' feelings towards foreign policy? | The U.S. exercised isolationism, which was perpetuated wide oceanic buffers, British navy between the U.S. and other European powers, as well as the militarily weak nations in the Western Hemisphere. |
| What originally drove the United States to expand beyond the continent? | The increased industrialization required the acquisition of foreign territories to gain easier access to raw materials, and the industries in the U.S. were already exporting worldwide. |
| How did the United States' international economy promote expansion? | The U.S. companies required an expanded naval presence to protect the shipping lanes, as well as bases to replenish the navy, so the U.S. needed to gain more territory not on the North American continent. |
| What was happening in Europe during the late 1800's? | The European powers were imperializing Africa and Asia, establishing colonies, promoting economic exploitation, and expanding Christian evangelism. |
| What was the difference between western and new imperialism? | Western imperialism was based in economics and racism, but new imperialism was rooted in the quest for markets and raw materials. |
| How did the Second Industrial Revolution lead to new imperialism? | The Second Industrial Revolution led to rapid increases in production, which caused businesses to seek other markets to sell their goods and raw materials to continue maintaining the rate of production. |
| How was imperialism achieved? | Imperialist nations, including Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, and Germany, used military force and political guile, as well as Christian missionaries, which the U.S. also employed. |
| Who were the imperialists in the United States? | Senator Albert J. Beveridge of Indiana, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts, President Theodore Roosevelt, and naval captain Alfred Thayer Mahan. |
| How did Alfred Thayer Mahan advocate for imperialism? | In 1890, Mahan wrote in The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 that maritime power led to national greatness, and it was America's "destiny" to control the Caribbean, connect the Pacific and the Caribbean, and westernize the Pacific. |
| How did John Fiske advocate for imperialism? | In 1885 Fiske used social Darwinism to justify Anglo-Saxon superiority and how they were predestined to dominate the world, according to his 1885 book American Political Ideas Viewed from the Standpoint of Universal History. |
| How did Josiah Strong advocate for imperialism? | In 1885, the Congregationalist minister, Strong, used religion to justify how Anglo-Saxons embodied civil liberty and pure Christianity, and were destined to help others, according to his 1885 book Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis. |
| How did Secretary of State William H. Seward believe the United States should address imperialization? | Seward believed the U.S. should remove foreign interests from the Pacific coast, take British Columbia, and dominate the Pacific commercial front. |
| How did the United States acquire Alaska? | Seward bought Alaska in 1867 from Russia to eliminate its presence in the New World and sustain his expansionist beliefs. |
| Why were Samoa and Hawaii strategic Pacific islands? | Both islands had major harbors, Pago Pago and Pearl Harbor, respectively, and occupied strategic positions in the ocean. |
| How did the United States get involved with Samoa? | The U.S. signed a treaty with the Samoans in 1878, which granted the U.S. a naval base at Pago Pago, extraterritoriality, and trade concessions. |
| What was the issue for the United States with Samoa? | The Samoans had similar treaties with the U.S., Germany, and Britain, so the nations established a tense, tripartite protectorate over Samoa during the Berlin peace conference in 1889, following the 1887 Samoan civil war. |
| Why was Hawaii a better investment than Samoa? | Hawaii had been a united kingdom since 1875; it had American missionaries and planters; and the kingdom had signed a reciprocal trade agreement exclusively with the U.S. |
| What was the reciprocal trade agreement between the United States and Hawaii? | Hawaiian sugar would enter the U.S. duty free, and no Hawaiian territory would be leased or granted to a third power. |
| What was the impact of the reciprocal trade agreement between the United States and Hawaii? | There was a rapid increase in sugar production in Hawaii, and the Americans in Hawaii established an economic elite based on Asian and Portuguese immigrant labor. |
| What was the impact of the United States' presence in Hawaii? | The Americans dominated the economy and forcibly established a constitutional government from the monarchy; the native population was a minority from disease by 1890; and Asians became the working class majority. |
| How did President Grover Cleveland view Hawaii? | In 1885, Cleveland called the islands " the stepping-stone to the growing trade of the Pacific". |
| What was the impact of the McKinley Tariff in Hawaii? | The McKinley Tariff caused an economic and political crisis in Hawaii by destroying its favored position in the sugar trade because it made all of the countries duty-free and granted growers in the continental U.S. a two cent subsidy per pound of sugar. |
| How did Queen Liliuokalani lose Hawaiian control in Hawaii? | She tried to eliminate white, governmental control, when she ascended the throne in 1891, but the whites revolted in 1893 and were supported by the American marines. |
| How did the idea to annex Hawaii arise? | The white rebels, who took over the Hawaiian government sent a committee and a treaty to the U.S. federal government requesting to be annexed. |
| How did President Grover Cleveland address the situation in Hawaii? | Cleveland withdrew the annexation treaty, observed that the rebellion was not for the Hawaiians' benefits, and intended to reinstate the Queen in return for the amnesty of the rebels. |
| Did President Grover Cleveland succeed in his attempts to avoid annexation? | The provisional, white government did not give up their power, proclaimed the islands the Republic of Hawaii on 7/4/1894, and included in its constitution a standing provision for American annexation. |
| How did President William McKinley address the situation in Hawaii? | McKinley wanted to annex Hawaii because he believed it was necessary and manifest destiny, so he annexed the islands in 1898. |
| How did President William McKinley annex the islands? | He sent U.S. warships to Hawaii to defend it from Japanese warships, sent a treaty for annexation to the Senate, and used a joint resolution to combine the House and the Senate to make a two-thirds majority and annex Hawaii. |
| Why was Spain interested in maintaining Cuba? | Spain continued to repress Cuban revolts because Cuba was one of Spain's oldest colonies, a major export, and a major holding in the New World, where Spain used to have a dominant presence. |
| Why was the United States interested in liberating Cuba? | Cuba was a major Spanish holding 90 miles from Florida, and the U.S. had more trade, as well as sugar and mining investments, in Cuba than Spain. |
| What was the Wilson-Gorman Tariff? | The Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894 removed sugar from the duty-free list in the midst of a depression, collapsed sugar prices, put Cubans out of work, and rekindled Cuban desire for rebellion. |
| How did the Wilson-Gorman Tariff contribute to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? | The Cubans rebelled against the Spanish again on 2/24/1895, as a result of the economic damaged caused by the Wilson-Gorman Tariff, and they tried to concern U.S. investors, who were part of the sympathetic, American public. |
| Why did the United States compare the Cubans to the American colonists during the American Revolutionary War? | The Cubans employed guerilla war tactics, tried to attract the support of foreign nations, and were fighting for independence from a major, European power. |
| What was the strategy of Spanish general Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau? | He detained Cubans behind Spanish lines, and although most Cubans died of disease, the U.S. called him "Butcher" Weyler. |
| How did the Cuban insurrection impact journalism? | The U.S. journalists wrote exciting stories about Cuban suffering and the Cuban insurrection, sparking the newspaper sensationalism known as yellow journalism. |
| Who were key journalists during the Cuban insurrection? | William Randolph Hearst wrote the New York Journal, and Joseph Pulitzer wrote the New York World. |
| What did President Grover Cleveland originally seek to do? | Cleveland intended to protect the U.S. rights in Cuba, but he wanted to avoid involvement beyond his offer of mediation. |
| Why did President Grover Cleveland further his involvement in the Spanish-Cuban conflict? | The public support for the Cubans caused the Congress to endorse official recognition of the Cubans on 4/6/1896 and urged Cleveland to help the Cubans gain independence. |
| What was President Grover Cleveland's response to Congress' urgings? | Cleveland offered to cooperate with Spain in bringing peace on the basis of allowing the Cubans a measure of self-governance, but the Spanish refused. |
| How did the United States' position in the Spanish-Cuban conflict change, when President William McKinley took office? | McKinley had been elected on a platform that endorsed Cuban independence, American control of Hawaii, and the construction of an isthmian canal connecting the Caribbean and the Pacific. |
| What happened, when Spain tried to end the conflict with Cuba in 1897? | The Cubans refused because Spain had offered them self-government without formal independence, so Spain was stuck between losing Cuba and being unable to end the rebellion. |
| What happened to the U.S. battleship, Maine? | Maine docked in Havana Harbor on 1/25/1898, exploded, sank, and killed 260 men on 2/15/1898. |
| How did yellow journalism contribute to the outbreak of the Spanish-American war? | The New York Journal released a letter from the Spanish ambassador, Depuy de Lôme, stolen by a Cuban spy, which called McKinley weak and more interested in being popular than being a politician, thus directly insulting and enraging the U.S. |
| Who led the Cuban revolt against the Spanish? | José Martí y Perez led the Cuban insurrection. |
| How did the U.S. battleship contribute to the outbreak of the Spanish-American war? | Those in favor of the war, including Theodore Roosevelt, used the Maine for propaganda, such as "Remember the Maine!" |
| What were President William McKinley's preliminary actions within the Spanish-American war? | McKinley continued to avoid military conflict, but he won a $50 million appropriation from Congress for defense. |
| How did the Spanish respond to the increased militancy in the United States? | The Spanish called an unilateral cease-fire and surrendered on 4/10/1989 under the terms that Cuba would have an autonomous government, and the sinking of Maine would be left to arbitration. |
| Why was there a Spanish-American war, if the Spanish surrendered? | The U.S. did not receive the message for surrender, so McKinley sent his war resolution to Spain demanding a response by 4/23/1898. |
| What was the Teller Amendment? | The Teller Amendment disclaimed any U.S. designed on Cuban territory. |
| What was in President William McKinley's war resolution? | McKinley included the Teller Amendment, a joint resolution from Congress that declared Cuba independent, and a demand from Congress for the withdrawal of Spanish forces. |
| When did the Spanish-American war officially begin? | On 4/22/1898, McKinley announced a naval blockade of Cuba's northern coast and the port of Santiago, which is an international act of war. |
| When did the two nations declare war? | Spain declared war on 4/24/1898, but the U.S. Congress declared that their announcement on 4/25/1898 was retroactive to 4/21/1898. |
| Why did the Spanish-American war occur, if the Spanish did not want to fight? | There was too much popular support and pressure from politicians or yellow journalists for the U.S. to back out of the war. |
| Why is President William McKinley not to blame for the Spanish-American war? | McKinley decided that defying the will of both Congress and the American people would be too politically risky, so the frenzied U.S. public is to blame. |
| What was the significance of the Spanish-American war? | At the end of the 114 day war, Spain was no longer a world power, and the U.S. gained an international foothold, as well as a boost for its own ego regarding the strength of the nation. |
| What action did Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt take during the Spanish-American war? | Roosevelt ordered Commodore George Dewey to command a small squadron in Asia and engage Spain in the Philippines, Spanish territory, in the event of war. |
| How did the United States gain the Philippines? | The U.S. defeated the Spanish navy at Manila Bay on 4/30/1898, only losing 8 men to the Spanish 381, and the U.S. held Manila from the Germans and the British. |
| How did the United States get involved with the Filipino insurrectionists? | The rebel leader, Emilio Aguinaldo helped the U.S. enter Manila on 8/13/1898, when the American reinforcements arrived. |
| Who were the Rough Riders? | The First Volunteer Cavalry, led by Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt that made up some of the 17000 U.S. troops gathered in Tampa, Florida to aid the naval blockade in Santiago. |
| Why did Lieutenant Colonel Theodore Roosevelt want a Congressional Medal of Honor? | He led the Rough Riders and black reinforcements to take Kettle Hill, while other U.S troops took San Juan Hill and El Caney on 7/1/1898. |
| Did President Theodore Roosevelt ever receive his Congressional Medal of Honor? | President Bill Clinton awarded Roosevelt the medal in 2001. |
| How did the United States take Santiago? | The U.S. took Santiago on 7/3/1898 with 474 Spanish casualties to 1 American, and the Spanish surrendered Santiago on 7/17/1898. |
| How did the United States acquire Puerto Rico? | The U.S. forces moved into the Spanish territory, Puerto Rico, but they met minor resistance on 7/25/1898. |
| What were the terms of the armistice ending the Spanish-American war? | The armistice of 8/12/1898 specified that Spain should surrender Cuba, and the U.S. should annex Cuba, as well as occupy Manila pending the power transfer in the Philippines. |
| What was the cause of the majority of American deaths during the Spanish-American war? | Although 6000 Americans died, only 379 were killed in battle, and the rest were victims of disease. |
| When did the Spanish-American conflicts officially end? | The U.S. and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris on 12/10/1898. |
| Why did the United States want to annex the Philippines? | The U.S. victory in Manila had revived expansionist fever; businessmen saw Manila as an gateway to opportunities in Asia; and missionaries wanted to bring Christianity to Asia. |
| Why did President William McKinley reject the idea of not annexing the Philippines? | McKinley did not to return them to Spain, turn them over to another European power, leave them on their own, so he decided to annex them. |
| What did President William McKinley believe were the motivating ideas of imperialism? | McKinley summarized his ideas as national glory, commerce, racial superiority, and altruism. |
| How did the Spanish react to American control of Manila? | The Spanish insisted that the U.S. could not claim Manila by right of conquest and had occupied the land after the armistice, so the U.S. paid the Spanish $20 million in compensation. |
| Had the United States annexed any powers in the Pacific? | The U.S. had annexed one of the Samoan Islands, and it claimed Wake Island between Guam and Hawaii in 1898. |
| What were the Anti-Imperialists main arguments? | They argued imperialism would undermine democracy, the Monroe Doctrine, traditional isolationism, and the inconsistent policy between Cuba and the Philippines, and the inability of the nation to defend the Philippines. |
| How did populist Democrat William Jennings Bryan influence the vote for the Spanish-American treaty? | Bryan argued that ending the war with the Spanish would open the way for future independence of Cuba and the Philippines. |
| What did the United States vote to do regarding the Spanish-American treaty? | The U.S. ratified the treaty on 2/6/1899. |
| What did Senator Henry Cabot Lodge of Massachusetts say regarding the success of the treaty? | Lodge admitted that the treaty would have been rejected, if the U.S. troops had not engaged in combat with the Filipino the previous week. |
| Why did the United States bring Emilio Aguinaldo back to Luzon? | The U.S. wanted to make trouble for the Spanish because Aguinaldo's forces were controlling the islands outside of Manila, and Aguinaldo had been exiled for insurrection. |
| How did the United States defeat the Filipino resistance? | The U.S. forces defeated the organized resistance in 1899, captured Aguinaldo in 1901, dissolved U.S. military government on 7/4/1901, and ended the guerilla warfare in 1902. |
| How did the Anti-Imperialists advocate for an end to imperialism? | The Anti-Imperialists formed the American Anti-Imperialist League in 1899, which included Andrew Carnegie, Samuel Gompers, President Charles Eliot of Harvard, President David Starr Jordan Stanford, Jane Addams, and William James. |
| How did President William McKinley deal with the Philippines upon defeating the rebellion? | McKinley sent Judge William Howard Taft to the Philippines to set up a government with a commission. |
| How did Judge William Howard Taft handle his duties in the Philippines? | Taft encouraged and allowed the Filipinos to participate in his government with him as civil governor. |
| What was the Philippine Government Act of 1902? | The Philippine Islands were declared an unorganized territory, and the inhabitants became citizens of the Philippines. |
| What was the Jones Act of 1917? | The U.S. officially intended to grant the Philippines independence on an unspecified date, and it granted the Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens with elected houses of legislature. |
| What was the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934? | The U.S. intended grant the Philippines independence after ten years. |
| What occurred in the Philippines in 1934? | The Filipinos drafted and ratified a constitution, and Manuel Quezon y Molina was elected the first president. |
| When did the Philippines gain independence? | The Philippines were made independent on 7/4/1946. |
| What was the Foraker Act of 4/12/1900? | The U.S. levied temporary duty on Puerto Rican good and established a government in Puerto Rico, which included an appointed governor, 11 executive council members, a House of Delegates, and a constitution that did not conflict with that of the U.S. |
| How did the Supreme Court influence foreign policy? | The Supreme Court ruled that the U.S. constitution did not extend to U.S. territories unless it was specified by Congress. |
| Why did President William McKinley set up a military government in 1898? | The Cubans had been liberated from Spanish rule, so he wanted to grant them self-government gradually in order to promote stability. |
| How did Cuba impact the work of Dr. Walter Reed? | His work on the problem of disease in Cuba prompted him to become the head of the Army Yellow Fever Commission in 1900 that led the way to the worldwide maintenance of mosquitoes. |
| What was the Platt Amendment? | The amendment to an army-appropriations bill from 1901, which required that Cuba not sign restrictive treaties with other powers, manage its debt, acknowledge the right of the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs, and to lease land to the U.S. |
| How did Secretary of War, William Howard Taft, assume governmental control in Cuba? | There was insurrection, when the Cubans added the Platt Amendment to their constitution, so President Roosevelt sent Taft and the military to suppress the rebellion in 1906 until a Cuban was peacefully elected in 1909. |
| What other nation arose as a world power during the 1890s? | Japan had become a world power since Commodore Matthew Perry had exposed them to westernization between 1853-4. |
| How did Japan contribute to the "spheres of influence" in China? | Japan defeated China in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894-5, picked up the Pescadores Islands, Formosa (Taiwan), and demonstrated the Chinese vulnerability that inspired the "spheres of influence". |
| How did the United States' isolationist policy influence its stance in China? | The U.S. rejected Britain's offer for joint action to preserve Chinese integrity in 1898 and 1899, so the U.S. adopted the Open Door policy. |
| What was the Open Door policy? | The U.S.'s noninterventionist policy that asked foreign powers to avoid interfering with trading ports, allow Chinese officials to collect tariffs equally, and not to show favoritism for harbor or railroad charges. |
| Who proposed the Open Door policy? | Secretary of State John Hay dispatched the Open Door policy to Britain, Germany, Russia, Japan, Italy, and France in 1899, and because they did not reject the policy, Hay determined the powers had accepted it. |
| How was the Open Door policy an example of United States self-interest impacting their foreign policy? | The policy was grounded in the businesses wanting to exploit Chinese markets and the anti-imperialist sentiments, but the U.S. was not prepared or intending to enforce the Open Door policy. |
| What occurred as a result of the United States neglecting to enforce the Open Door policy? | The Japanese continued to expand into China until they came into conflict with the U.S. during World War II. |
| Who were the Boxers? | The Chinese nationalist group that opposed foreign encroachments in China and attacked foreign embassies in Beijing in 1900. |
| How did the western countries respond to the Boxer Rebellion? | The British, German, Russian, Japanese, and American forces used military force to relieve the embassy and quell the rebellion. |
| How did Secretary of State John Hay respond to the United States' role in repressing the Boxer Rebellion? | Hay saw the U.S. intervention as risky, but a good opportunity to refine the Open Door policy, which intended to preserve Chinese integrity and promote equal trade between the U.S. and China. |
| What was the progression of Theodore Roosevelt's political career? | the assistant secretary of the navy, the leader of the Rough Riders, the mayor of New York, the vice president, and eventually the president. |
| How did Theodore Roosevelt become President? | He was elevated to the presidency, after McKinley was shot by Leon Czolgosz at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York on 9/9/1901, and died. |
| What was President Theodore Roosevelt's approach to foreign affairs? | He believed in "big-stick" foreign policy, which included military conquest, manifest destiny, annexation, and imperialism. |
| How did the Oregon contribute to the United States' foreign policy? | The U.S. battleship Oregon traveled around South America's Cape Horn in 1898 and provided a strong argument for the imperialistic construction of the Panama Canal. |
| When did the isthmus become a concern in United States foreign policy? | The isthmus represented an important route to the California gold fields during the late 1840's. |
| What was the Bidlack Treaty of 1848? | The agreement between New Granada (Colombia) and the U.S. that guaranteed Colombia's sovereignty over Panama and the neutrality of the isthmus. |
| What was the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850? | The agreement that prevented the British from acquiring any more Central American territory, and the U.S. joined them in agreeing only to build a canal by mutual consent. |
| What was the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1900? | The agreement that was ratified in 1901 without the former limitations that forbade fortification of the canal and required neutrality during wartime. |
| What pushed the British to revise the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty? | There was a bill for a canal in Nicaragua pending in |
| How did the French attempt to inhibit the progress of the Panama Canal? | A French company under Ferdinand de Lesseps, who dug less than a third of the canal between 1881 and 1887 at the cost of $300 million and 20000 lives, wanted $109 million for its holdings. |
| What pushed the French to revise their price for the Panama Canal? | McKinley's Isthmian Canal Commission reported in 1901 that a canal in Nicaragua would be cheaper, so the French decreased their price to $40 million. |
| What was the Hay-Herrán Treaty of 1903? | The agreement between Ambassador Tomás Herrán of Colombia and Secretary of State John Hay, in which the U.S. paid $10 million in cash and annual rent of $250000 for the Canal Zone in Panama. |
| How did Philippe Bunau-Varilla instigate conflict in Panama? | He claimed to have obtained information regarding the U.S.S. Nashville arriving at Colón, Panama on 11/2/1903, after he met with Hay and Roosevelt. |
| How did Manuel Amador Guerrero instigate conflict in Panama? | He assembled an army of 500 Panamanians and revolted in response to Bunau-Varilla's information and the Colombian government's demand for $25 million in the Hay-Herrán Treaty. |
| How did Philippe Bunua-Varilla contribute to the progress of the Panama Canal? | He was the first Panamanian ambassador Roosevelt received on 11/13/1903, and he signed a treaty that extended the Canal Zone from a six to ten mile width for the same price, which offended the Colombian government. |
| When did the Colombian government get the $25 million it requested? | The government received $25 million from the President Warren Harding's administration in 1921, but only because the U.S. had taken an interest in Colombian oil. |
| When did the Panama Canal open? | The Panama Canal opened on 8/15/1914, two weeks after the outbreak of World War I in Europe. |
| How did the Dominican Republic influence United States foreign policy? | The Dominican Republic gave Roosevelt an opportunity to form U.S. foreign policy in the Caribbean and introduce the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904. |
| What was the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? | Although the Monroe Doctrine prohibited intervention in the Western Hemisphere by the Europeans, the United States was justified in preemptively intervening in order to forestall the actions of outsiders. |
| How did President Theodore Roosevelt implement the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine? | Roosevelt and the Dominican Republic mutually agreed to practice the Corollary in 1905, so the U.S. could install and protect a collector of customs, who would apply 55% of the Dominican Republic's revenues to debt payments it owed to U.S. companies. |
| What conflict tested the Open Door policy? | The Russo-Japanese War threatened to impede on the equal trading rights embodied by the Open Door Policy. |
| How did the Russo-Japanese war begin? | Japan believed that Russia threatened Japanese ambitions in China and Korea, so Japan devastated the Russian fleet on 2/8/1904, occupied Korea, and drove the Russians back into Manchuria. |
| How was an extended conflict avoided? | Neither side wanted to engage in long-term war, so Roosevelt offered to mediate the conflict and held a peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. |
| What was the Treaty of Portsmouth? | The treaty between the Russians and the Japanese signed on 9/5/1905, which gave all the concessions to the Japanese, so Russia acknowledged Japan's interests in Korea, and both powers agreed to evacuate Manchuria. |
| What was the Taft-Katsura Agreement of 7/29/1905? | The agreement between Taft and the Japanese foreign minister Tokyo during the Portsmouth peace conference, in which the U.S. accepted Japanese control of Korea in return for Japan abandoning claims on the Philippines. |
| What was the Root-Takahira Agreement? | The agreement between Secretary of State Elihu Root and the Japanese ambassador, which endorsed the status quo and reinforced the Open Door policy. |
| What was the Gentlemen's Agreement? | The agreement between Roosevelt and Japanese authorities that addressed the prejudice in the western U.S. by halting the influx of Japanese immigrants and relieving some of the racial agitation in California. |
| How did President Theodore Roosevelt prevent a major war between Germany, France, and Britain? | Roosevelt convinced the powers to attend a peace conference at Algeciras, Spain with U.S. delegates present. |
| What was the Act of Algeciras? | The agreement signed in 1906, which affirmed the independence of Morocco with open door trade with a French-and-Spanish-controlled police force, and the U.S. had to maintain noninvolvement. |
| What was the significance of the peace conference at Algeciras? | It represented the first time Germany was angry with the U.S., and it, combined with the Portsmouth conferences won Roosevelt a Nobel Peace Prize. |
Created by:
IvySmart
Popular U.S. History sets