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Occlusion Terms
UBSDM 2015 Occlusion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Maximal Intercuspal Position | The complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of condylar position, sometimes referred to as the best fit of the teeth regardless of the condylar position – called also maximal intercuspation. |
| Centric Occlusion | The occlusion of opposing teeth when the mandible is in central relation. This may or may not coincide with the maximal intercuspal position. |
| Centric Relation | The maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective disks with the complex in the anterior-superior position against the shapes of the articular eminencies. This position is independ |
| Centric Position | The position of the mandible when the jaws are in centric relation. |
| Retruded Contact Position | Guided occlusal relationship occurring at the most retruded position of the condyles in the joint cavities. A position that may be more retruded then the centric relation position. |
| Postural Position | Any mandibular relationship occurring during minimal muscle contraction. |
| Occlusal Vertical Dimension | The distance measured between two points when the occluding members are in contact. |
| Rest Vertical Dimension | The distance between two selected points (one of which is on the middle of the face or nose and the other of which is on the lower face or chin) measured when the mandible is in the physiologic rest position. |
| Physiologic Rest Position | The mandibular position assumed when the head is in an upright position and the involved muscles, particularly the elevator and depressor groups, are in equilibrium in tonic contraction, and the condyles are in a neutral, unstrained position. |
| Interocclusal Distance | The distance between occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when the mandible is in a specified position. |
| Interocclusal Rest Space | The difference between the vertical dimension of rest and the vertical dimension while in occlusion. |
| Transverse Horizontal Axis (Hinge Axis) | An imaginary line around which the mandible may rotate within the sagittal plane. |
| Hinge Movement (Rotation) | The movement in space characterized by two divergent points moving around a central axis of rotation |
| Translatory Movements | The movement in space characterized by linear motion with no axis of rotation. |
| Border Movements | The most extreme positions to which the mandible is able to move – generally considered to be relatively stable and reproducible except under certain pathological conditions. These movements have been described from the sagittal, frontal and horizontal p |
| Posselt Diagram of Border Movements | Described in three planes – sagittal, horizontal and frontal – when combined describe a three-dimensional envelope of motion that represents the maximum range of movement of the mandible. This resultant three-dimensional figure describes the maximum rang |
| Working Side | The side toward which the mandible moves in a lateral excursion. |
| Nonworking Side | That side of the mandible that moves toward the median line in a lateral excursion. The condyle on that side is referred to as the nonworking side condyle. |
| Balanced Articulation/Occlusion | The bilateral, simultaneous, anterior, and posterior occlusal contact of teeth in centric and eccentric positions. |
| Mutually Protected Articulation/Occlusion | An occlusal scheme in which the posterior teeth prevent excessive contact of the anterior teeth in maximum intercuspation, and the anterior teeth disengage the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movements. |
| Anterior Guidance | The influence of the contacting surfaces of anterior teeth on tooth limiting mandibular movements. |
| Group Function | Multiple contact relations between the maxillary and mandibular teeth in lateral movements on the working side whereby simultaneous contact of several teeth acts as a group to distribute occlusal forces. |
| Protrusion | A position of the mandible anterior to centric relation. |
| Protrusive Movement | Mandibular movement anterior to centric relation. |
| Lateral Excursion | Sideward movement of the mandible characterized by |
| Left Lateral Excursion | Rotation of the left or working side condyle Forward, inward and downward translation of the non-working condyle |
| Right Lateral Excursion | Rotation of the right or working side condyle Forward, inward and downward translation of the non-working condyle. |
| Laterotrusion | Movement of the condyle on the working side in the horizontal plane. This term may be used in combination with terms describing condylar movement in other planes, for example, laterodetrusion, lateroprotrusion, lateroretrusion and laterosurtrusion. |
| Mediotrusion | A movement of the condyle medially. |
| Bennett Movement | Bodily shift of the mandible toward the working side during lateral excursion. Movement caused by restraining influence of TM ligaments and medial wall of glenoid fossa on the non-working side. Average lateral movement is 0.75 mm. |
| Bennett Angle | The angle formed between the anterior and medial movement of the non-working condyle and the straight protrusive path is called the Bennett angle. There is a relationship between the degree of Bennett Movement and Bennett Angle. |
| Functional Movement | Chewing, swallowing talking, etc. – all within the confines of the envelope of motion. |
| Three Functions of Synovial Fluid | Provides Lubrication-hyaluronic acid based egg-white consistency Nourishes Chondrocytes - Very small amount of fluid and continuously circulates providing nutrition and phagocytes for clean-up Shock Absorption- Distributes shock evenly over surfaces |
| Fibrocartilage covering in TMJ | Lies on the Temporal and Condylar portions of the joint. NOT HYALINE because the bone came from membranous formation not cartilaginous. |
| Mandibular (Articular) Fossa | Formed by thin, translucent part of temporal bone. No Diploic bone. Thin bone means not force bearing. |
| Articular Eminence | Thick bone |
| Cephalometric Lateral Radiograph | Standard Distance is 60” (5 feet) from patients midline. |
| Frankfort Plane | (FP) is determined by the orbitale (O) and the porion (Po) at the superior margins of the external auditory meatuses. |
| Occlusal Plane | an imaginary surface that is related anatomically to the cranium and that theoretically touches the incisal edges of the incisors and the tips of the occluding surfaces of the posterior teeth. |
| Mandibular Plane | Plane formed by the tangent to the lower border of the mandible. The mandibular plane angle averages + 21.9° (17° to 28°) to the Frankfort plane |
| Facial Plane | Plane that contains the nasion (point where nasal and frontal bones meet) and the pogonion (most anterior midline point on the mandible). |
| Facial Plane Angle | The average facial plane angle is 87.7° (82° to 95°) to the Frankfort plane. This angle is used to measure recession or prominence of the chin. |
| Y-Growth Axis | The "Y" axis runs from the center of the sella turcica (S) , through the buccal groove of the maxillary first molar, to gnathion (Gn). The angle is measured against the Frankfort Plane. |
| Inter-Incisor Angle | The sum of the angles of lines drawn through the roots of incisors to the FP. |
| Neutral Position | An equilibrium of muscular forces if the lip-cheek-tongue system is in balance. Equal forces acting on the teeth from lingual and facial sides helps the teeth to attain a position of relative stability |
| Curve of Wilson | From the front, the curve of the incisal edges of the mandibular teeth- Think about Wilson the volleyball. It was a front view. |
| Curve of Spee | Lateral view of a line over the cusp tips of mandibular teeth |
| Class I Occlusion | Mesio-Buccal Cusp of Maxillary 1st molar occludes over the lingual groove of the mandibular 1st molar |
| Class II Occlusion | Mesio-Buccal Cusp of Maxillary 1st molar occludes anterior to the lingual groove of the mandibular 1st molar |
| Class III Occlusion | Mesio-Buccal Cusp of Maxillary 1st molar occludes Posterior to the lingual groove of the mandibular 1st molar |
| Interocclusal Rest Space | The difference between the vertical dimension of rest and the vertical dimension while in occlusion. Standard is 3mm |
| Compensating Curve | The curvature of the alignment of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth that is present to compensate for the curved movement patterns of the mandible. (SPEE + WILSON) |
| Axial Positions – Maxilla | Maxillary central is greatest root angulation in the mouth. 29 degrees to the front. Bicuspids are the most perpendicular teeth. Roots of the max. molars are inclined palatal with exception of the 1st molar distal buccal is inclined buccal. ~15 degrees. |
| Axial Positions – Mandible | All roots are buccal inclined more than the maxillary are pallatal inclined. 1st bicuspid lingual inclination of the apex |
| Contact Height | Any quadrant the contact points are moving cervically from the Centrals to the molars |
| Embrasures | Embrasures are same size on the anterior. As the contacts moves buccal the lingual embrasures get larger. |
| From the occlusal the cervical embrasure gets larger and the gingival embrasure gets smaller anterior to posterior. | |
| Occlusal Table | The marginal ridges and inner inclines of the cusps of a posterior tooth |
| Supporting Cusps | Supporting Cusps are those that Occlude in the occlusal table. Maxillary Lingual cusps & Mandibular Buccal Cusps. Supporting cusps articulate within the opposing occlusal table |
| Guiding Cusps |
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