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lymphatic and immune

lymphatic and immune for massage

QuestionAnswer
immune response body's defense system against infections and diseases, response to pathogens and foreign particles
lymphatic system network of vessels, tissues, organs: drain and filter excess interstitial fluids to return into bloodstream, transport of nutrients, proteins, wastes, support immune reactions (intercepts pathogens), creation and transport of white blood cells
lymphatic organs lymph nodes, spleen, thymus
lymphatic tissues red bone marrow, tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches
lymphatic circulation occurs everywhere there is cardiovascular circulation except brain, is parallel to venous circulation, begins at capillaries (systematic and pulmonary), uni-directional (from periphery to center), low pressure system, slow moving
lymph excess interstitial fluid in lymphatic circulation, is liquid connective tissue, both solid and liquid components, a derivative of plasma, water, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, lipids, proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, wastes
interstitial fluid found in the interstitial spaces, surrounds the cells, blood plasma without the plasma proteins - water, amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, enzymes, hormones, waste products, white blood cells
formation of interstitial fluid and lymph via osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure
hydrostatic pressure the outward force of a fluid on a vessel wall (a push)
components of lymphatic circulation lymphatic capillaries, vessels, trunks, ducts
osmotic pressure results from proteins in a compartment, attracting water like a sponge (a pull)
how chemical exchanges between blood interstitial and lymphatic compartments occur because of the presence of a pressure gradient (high pressure to low pressure, or high concentration to low concentration - like a cascade)
lymphatic capillaries found and intermingled with cardiovascular capillaries, start as 'closed ends', single layer endothelial cells with thinner walls and larger diameter than blood capillaries, have protein filaments to anchor to adjacent connective tissue
lymphatic vessels formed from convergence of capillaries, similar to venules/veins (endothelial tissue, smooth muscle, connective tissue, valves) 2 types - afferent (into lymph node) and efferent (out of lymph node)
lymphatic trunk formed by convergence of lymphatic vessels
lymphatic ducts right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct, fuse with subclavian veins to return lymph to heart and blood curculation
right lymphatic duct drains upper-right quadrant (head, neck, thorax, lung, heart, right upper-limb)
thoracic duct drains lower limbs, abdomen, and left side, originates at cisterna chyli (anterior to L2)
edema inflammation/swelling - occurs when the # of proteins in interstitial fluid is high = increased osmotic pressure in interstitial spaces = increased fluid
elements assisting lymph return muscular pump (contraction of muscles), valves (stop lymph from exiting/going down), respiratory pump (vacuum created by diaphram), 'wave' action from venous vasodilation and vasocontriction
types of white blood cells granulocytes and agranulocytes
granulocytes white blood cells containing sacs of chemicals (histamines etc) involved in immune defence/fever/inflammation, are non-specific
agranulocytes specified white blood cells, do not contain sacs of chemicals
types of agranulocyte white blood cells monocytes, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, NK cells
monocytes WBC that become macrophages, ingest and digest foreign particles, pathogens, dead cells, attracted toward infection and inflammation sites
B lymphocytes responsible for producing antibodies specific to the invader/pathogen
white blood cells formed elements of blood responsible for immune defence mechanisms, produced by red bone marrow, circulate in lymphatic system
T lymphocytes mature in the thymus to become helper T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, work with antibodies
NK cells natural killer lymphocytes responsible for eliminating cancerous cells and cells infected by viruses
lymphatic organs lymph nodes, spleen, thymus
Created by: massageclass
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