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History
APUSH Chapters 8-15: Part C. -- Identification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The body that chose George Washington commander of the Continental Army | Second Continental Congress |
| The British colony that Americans invaded in hopes of adding it to the rebellious thirteen | Canada |
| The inflammatory pamphlet that demanded independence and heaped scorn on "the Royal Brute of Great Britain" | "Common Sense" |
| The Document that provided a lengthy explanation and justification of Richard Henry Lee's resolution that was passed by Congress on July 2, 1776 | Declaration of Independence |
| The term by which the American Patriots were commonly known, to distinguish them from the American "Tories" | Whigs |
| Another name for the American Tories | Loyalists |
| The church body most closely linked with Tory sentiment, except in Virginia | Anglican |
| The river valley that was the focus of Britain's early military strategy and the scene of Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga in 1777 | Hudson River Valley |
| Term for the alliance of Catherine the Great of Russia and other European powers who did not declare was but assumed a hostile neutrality toward Britain | Armed Neutrality |
| The region that saw some of the Revolution's most bitter fighting, from 1780 to 1782, between American General Greene and British General Cornwallis | South |
| "Legalized pirates," more than a thousand strong, who inflected heavy damage on British shipping | privateer |
| British political party that replaced Lord North's Tories in 1782 and made a generous treaty with the United States | Whigs |
| The western boundary of the United States established in the Treaty of Paris | Mississippi River |
| The irregular American troops who played a crucial role in swaying the neutral civilian population toward the Patriot cause | Militia |
| The other European nation besides France and Spain that supported the American Revolution by declaring war on Britain | Holland |
| New name for the Anglican church after it was disestablished and de-Anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere | Protestant Episcopalian |
| The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children | Republican motherhood |
| A type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts, for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law | Constitutional Convention |
| The first constitutional government of the United States | Articles of Confederation |
| The territory north of the Ohio and est of the Mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1787 | Northwest Ordinance |
| In the new territories, six-mile square areas consisting of thirty-six sections, one of which was set aside for public schools | townships |
| The status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state | territory |
| A failed revolt in 1786 by poor debtor farmers that raised fears of "mobocracy" | Shays Rebellion |
| The plan proposed by Virginia at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population | Large States Plan |
| Th plan proposed by New Jersey for a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size and population | Small States Plan |
| The compromise between North and South that resulted in each slave being counted as 60 percent of a free person for purposes of representation | 3/5 Compromise |
| The opponents of the Constitution who argued against creating such a strong central government | Antifederalists |
| A masterly series of pro-Constitution articles printed in New York by Jay, Madison, and Hamilton | The Federalist Papers |
| The official under the new Constitution who would be commander in chief of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officials, and have the power to veto legislation | president |
| A list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the Constitution in order to win ratification | Bill of Rights |
| The official body designated to choose the president under the new Constitution, which in 1789 unanimously elected George Washington | Electoral College |
| The constitutional office in which John Adams was sworn on April 30, 1789 | vice president |
| The cabinet office in Washington's administration headed by a brilliant young West Indian immigrant who distrusted the people | treasury |
| Hamilton's policy of having the federal government pay the financial obligations of the states | Assumptions |
| Alexander Hamilton's policy of paying off all federal bonds at face value in order to strengthen the national credit | funding |
| The first ten amendments to the Constitution | Bill of Rights |
| Political organizations not envisioned in the Constitution and considered dangerous to national unity by most of the Founding Fathers | political parties |
| Political and social upheaval supported by most Americans during its moderate beginnings in 1789, but the cause of bitter divisions after it took a radical turn in 1792 | French Revolution |
| Agreement signed between two anti-British countries in 1778 that increasingly plagued American foreign policy in the 1790s | French-American Alliance |
| Alliance of eight Indian nations led by Little Turtle that inflicted major defeats on American forces in the early 1790s | Miami Confederation |
| Document signed in 1794 whose terms favoring Britain outraged Jeffersonian Republicans | Jay's Treaty |
| The nation with which the United States fought an undeclared war from 1798 to 1800 | France |
| The political theory on which Jefferson and Madison based their antifederalist resolutions declaring that the thirteen sovereign states had created the Constitution | compact theory |
| The doctrine, proclaimed in the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions, that a state can block a federal law it considers unconstitutional | nullification |
| The nation to which most Hamiltonian Federalists were sentimentally attached and which they favored in foreign policy | Britain |
| Hamiltonian economic measure repealed by Jefferson and Gallatin | excise tax |
| Action Jefferson took toward Republican "martyrs" convicted under the Federalist Sedition Law | pardon |
| Derogatory Republican term for Federalist judges appointed at the last minute by President Adams | midnight judges |
| Precedent-setting Supreme Court case in which Marshall declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional | Marbury v. Madison |
| The principle, established by Chief Justice Marshall in a famous case, that the Supreme Court can declare laws unconstitutional | judicial review |
| Action voted by the House of Representatives against Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chse | impeach |
| Branch of military service that Jefferson considered least threatening to liberty and most necessary to suppressing the Barbary states | Navy |
| Sugar-rich island where Toussaint L'Ouverture's slave rebellion disrupted Napoleon's dreams of a vast New World empire | Santo Domingo |
| Territory beyond Louisiana, along the Columbia River, explored by Lewis and Clark | Oregon Country |
| Price paid by the United States for the Louisiana Purchase | $15 million |
| American ship fired on by British in 1807, nearly leading to war between the two countries | Chesapeake |
| Jefferson's policy of forbidding the shipment of any goods in or out of the United States | Embargo Act |
| Militantly nationalistic western congressman eager for hostilities with the Indians, Canadians, and British | War Hawks |
| Battle in 1811 where General Harrison defeated the Indian forces under Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (the Prophet) | Tippacanoe |
| Derisive Federalist name for the war of 1812 that blamed it on the Republican president | Mr. Madison's War |
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