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Am History 10
Age of Jackson
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Andrew Jackson | “Old Hickory”; ushered in the age of “the common man”; a period of nationalism |
| Henry Clay | chief advocate of “economic nationalism”; dubbed it the American System |
| American System | Protective tariffs, internal improvements and renewal of the National Bank |
| Tariff | tax on imported goods |
| Protective Tariff | unusually high tariffs designed to shield a nation’s manufacturers from potentially fatal foreign competition |
| Tariff of 1816 | America’s first protectionist legislation; encouraged some economic growth but discouraged competition |
| Internal improvements | funding for roads, canals and harbor developments that would bolster commerce and communications |
| National Road | begun during Jefferson’s administration; a gravel road from Baltimore to Cumberland, Maryland; during Madison’s time, extended to Wheeling VA, then Zanesville, OH, Vandalia, IL |
| Panic of 1819 | depression; caused by sharp drop in the price of cotton, in part due to Tariff of 1816 and also due to the irresponsible actions of state and National Banks which made speculator loans to settlers as the West opened up |
| Missouri Compromise | proposal that Maine be admitted as a Free State and Missouri as a Slave state and in the rest of the LA terriotory, slavery NOT be permitted north of MO’s souther boundary (36030’) |
| Caucus | Closed meeting of party leaders |
| John Quincy Adams | son of John Adams; Monroe’s brilliant secretary of state |
| “Corrupt bargain” | underhanded deals to give Adams the presidency in return for making Clay secretary |
| National Republicans | The Adam’s wing of the party |
| Democratic Party | Democratic Republican; eventually dropped the “Republican” |
| Martin van Buren | NY senator, nicknamed “little magician”; helped organize democratic effort and urged Jackson to avoid mentioning “divisive” issues and emphasize a symbolic campaign “Old Hickory”, a friend of the common man |
| John C. Calhoun | Jackson’s running mate from South Carolina |
| Spoils system | Jackson’s replacement of government office holders |
| “Kitchen cabinet” | Jackson’s real advisors; a close circle of friends |
| “Tariff of abominations” | A new higher protective tariff, with rates up to 50% on some imports |
| Nullification | whereby states could nullify or reject congressional acts they deemed unconstitutional |
| Force bill | gave the president war powers against South Carolina |
| Compromise Tariff of 1833 | passed March 1st; proposed by Clay, new tariff that substantially but gradually reduced the tariff of 1832 making it acceptable to South Carolina |
| Bank of the United States | major campaign issue for Jackson’s reelection in 1832 |
| Third Party | Anti-Masonic party |
| Anti-Masonic party | Third-party; issued a “platform” and held a national convention |
| Platform | a written statement describing where the party stood on various issues |
| National convention | where state delegates gather to nominate the party’s presidential and vice-presidential candidates |
| “Pet Banks” | Taney removed federal deposits and placing them in state banks |
| Indian removal policy | removing all Indian tribes in the east to lands west of the Mississippi river and east of the Rockies |
| Black Hawk War | 1832, Sauk and Fox Indians crossed Mississippi River back into Ill to claim their land. Intercepted by force of regular soldiers and Illinois militia |
| Seminole War | Seminoles hid in marshes in Florida as American troops tried to track them down; over 1,500 Americans died |
| Sequoyah | developed a written Cherokee alphabet |
| Trail of Tears | the hard journey from the homes of the Cherokee to Oklahoma that resulted in the deaths of many Indians |
| Whig party | Anti-Jackson forces formed a political alliance in the 1830’s; derived their name from the British party that normally opposed Royal tyranny |
| Panic of 1837 | happened weeks after van Buren took office; economy collapsed pulling the country into a five year depression |
| Independent treasury | replace the state banks as a depository for federal funds; treasury would have only federal funds deposited in it and only government employees were to manage it |
| William Henry Harrison | hero of the battle of Tippecanoe; nominated for president by the Whigs |
| John Tyler | a “state’s right” Virginian; added by the Whigs as Harrison’s running mate |
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kittiansoul
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