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History
APUSH Chapters 1-7: Part C. -- Identification
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Extended period when glaciers covered most of the North american continent | Ice Age |
| stable crop that formed the economic foundation of Indian civilizations | corn |
| Important Mississippian culture site, near present east St. Louis, Illinois | Cahokia |
| First European nation to send explorers around the west coast of Africa | Portugal |
| Flourishing West African kingdom that had its capital and university at Timbuktu | Mali |
| Mistaken term that European explorers gave to American lands because of the false belief that they were off the coast of Asia | Indies |
| Animal introduced by Europeans that transformed the Indian way of life on the Great Plains | horses |
| Among the major European diseases that devastated Native American populations after 1492 (name two) | malaria & smallpox |
| disease originating in Americas that was transmitted to Europeans after 1492 | syphilis |
| Treaty that secured Spanish title to lands in Americas by dividing them with Portugal | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| Wealthy capital of Aztec empire | Tenóchtitlan |
| Person of mixed European and Indian ancestry | mestizo |
| Indian uprising in New Mexico caused by Spanish efforts to suppress Indian religion | Pope's Rebellion |
| Indian people of the Rio Grande Valley who were cruelly oppressed by the Spanish conquerors | Pueblos |
| Roman Catholic religious order of friars that organized a chain of missions in California | Franciscan |
| Nation where English Protestant rulers employed brutal tactics against the local Catholic population | Ireland |
| Island colony founded by Sir Walter Raleigh that mysteriously disappeared in the 1580s | Roanoke |
| Naval invaders defeated by English "sea dogs" in 1588 | Spanish Armada |
| Forerunner of the modern corporation that enabled investors to pool financial capital for colonial ventures | joint-stock |
| Name of two wars, fought in 1614 and 1644, between the English in Jamestown and the nearby Indian leader | Anglo-Powhatan Wars |
| The harsh system of Barbados laws governing African labor officially adopted by South Carolina in 1696 | slave code |
| Royal document granting a specified group the right to form a colony and guaranteeing settlers their rights as English citizens | charter |
| Penniless people obligated to forced labor for a fixed number of years, often in exchange for passage to the New World or other benefits | indentured servants |
| Powerful Indian confederation of New York and the Great Lakes area comprised of several peoples (not the Algonquins) | Iroquois Confederacy |
| Poor farmers in North Carolina and elsewhere who occupied land and raised crops without gaining legal title to the soil | squatters |
| Term for a colony under direct control of the English crown | royal |
| The primary staple crop of early Virginia, MAyland, and North Carolina | tobacco |
| The only southern colony with a slave majority | South Carolina |
| The primary plantation crop of South Carolina | rice |
| A melting-pot town in early colonial Georgia | Savannah |
| Sixteenth-century religious reform movement begun by Martin Luther | Protestant Reformation |
| English Calvinists who sought a thorough cleansing from within the Church of England | Puritans |
| Radical Calvinists who considered the Church of England so corrupt that they broke with it and formed their own independent churches | Separatists |
| The shipboard agreement by the Pilgrim Fathers to establish a body politic and submit to majority rule | Mayflower Compact |
| Puritans' term for their belief that Massachusetts Bay had a special arrangement with God to become a holy society | covenant |
| Charles I's political action of 1629 that led to persecution of the Puritans and the formation of the Massachusetts Bay Company | dismissed parliament |
| The TWO major nonfarming industries of Massachusetts Bay | shipbuilding & fishing |
| Anne Hutchinson's heretical belief that the truly saved need not obey human or divine law | antinomianism |
| Common fate of Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson after they were convicted of heresy in Massachusetts Bay | exile to Rhode Island |
| Villages where New England Indians who were converted to Christianity were gathered | praying towns |
| Successful military action by the colonies united in the New England Confederation | King Philip's War |
| English revolt that also led to the overthrow of the Dominion of New England in America | Glorious Revolution |
| River valley where vast estates created an aristocratic landholding elite in New Netherland and New York | Hudson River valley |
| Required, sworn statements of loyalty or religious belief, resisted by Quakers | test oaths |
| Common activity in which the colonists engaged to avoid the restrictive, unpopular Navigation Laws | smuggling |
| Early Maryland and Virginia settlers had difficulty creating them and even more difficulty making them last | families |
| Primary cause of death among tobacco-growing settlers | disease |
| Immigrants who received passage to America in exchange for a fixed term of labor | indentured servant |
| Maryland and Virginia's system of granting land to anyone who would pay trans-Atlantic passage for laborers | headright system |
| Fate of many of Nathaniel Bacon's followers, though not of Bacon himself | hanging |
| American colony that was home to the Newport slave market and many slave traders | Rhode Island |
| English company that lost its monopoly on the slave trade in 1698 | Royal African Company |
| African-American dialect that blended English with Yoruba, Ibo, and Hausa | Gullah |
| Uprisings that occurred in New York City in 1712 and in South Carolina in 1739 | slave revolts |
| Wealthy extended clans like the Fitzhughs, Lees, and Washingtons that dominated politics in the most populous colony | First Families of Virginia (FFVs) |
| Approximate marriage age of most New England Women | 20 years |
| The basic political institution of New England, in which all freemen gathered to elect officials and debate local affairs | town meeting |
| formula devised by Puritan ministers in 1662 to offer partial church membership to people who had not experienced conversion | Half-Way Covenant |
| Late seventeenth-century judicial event that inflamed popular feelings, led to the deaths of twenty people, and weakened the Puritan clergy's prestige | Salem Witch Trials |
| Primary occupation of most seventeenth-century Americans | farming |
| Corruption of a German word used as a term for German immigrants in Pennsylvania | Pennsylvania Dutch |
| Ethnic group that had already relocated once before immigrating to America and settling largely on the Western frontier of the middle and southern colonies | Irish |
| Rebellious movement of frontiersmen in the southern colonies that included future President Andrew Jackson | regulators |
| Popular term for convicted criminals dumped on colonies by British authorities | "jayle birds" |
| Term for New England settlements where Indians from various tribes were gathered to be Christianized | praying villages |
| A once-despised profession that rose in prestige after 1750 because its practitioners defended colonial rights | lawyers |
| Small but profitable trade route that linked New England, Africa, and the West Indies | Triangular Trade |
| Popular colonial centers of recreation, gossip, and political debate | tavern |
| Term for tax-supported condition of Congregational and Anglican churches, but not of Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics | established |
| Spectacular, emotional religious revival of the 1730s and 1740s | Great Awakening |
| Ministers who supported the Great Awakening against the "old light" clergy who rejected it | new light |
| Institutions that were founded in greater numbers as a result of he Great Awakening, although a few had been founded earlier | colleges |
| The case that established the precedent that true statements about public officials could not be prosecuted as libel | Zenger case |
| The upper house of a colonial legislature appointed by the crown of the proprietor | council |
| Benjamin Franklin's highly popular collection of information, parables, and advice | Poor Richard's Almanac |
| French Protestants who were granted toleration by the Edict of Nantes in 1598 but not permitted to settle in New France | Huguenots |
| Absolute French monarch who reigned for seventy-two years | Louis XIV |
| Animal whose pelt provided great profits for the French empire and enhanced European fashion at enormous ecological cost | beaver |
| French catholic religious order that explored the North American interior and sought to protect and convert Indians | Jesuits |
| Far-running, high-living French fur trappers | coreours de bois |
| Part of a certain British naval officer's anatomy that set off an imperial war with Spain | (Jenkins's) ear |
| Strategic French fortress conquered by New England settlers, handed back to the French, and finally conquered again by the British in 1759 | Louisburg |
| Inland river territory, scene of fierce competition between the French and land-speculating English colonists | Ohio River valley |
| Bloodiest European theater of the Seven Years' War, where Frederick the Great's troops drained French strength away from North America | Germany |
| Unification effort that Benjamin Franklin nearly led to success by his eloquent leadership and cartoon artistry | Albany Congress |
| Military aide of British General Braddock and defender of the frontier after Braddock's defeat | G. Washington |
| Fortress boldly assaulted by General Wolfe, spelling doom for New France | Quebec |
| The "buckskin" colonial soldiers whose military success did nothing to alter British officers' contempt | militia |
| Allies of the French against the British, who continued to fight under Pontiac even after the peace settlement in 1763 | Indians |
| The larger European struggle of which the French and Indian War was part | Seven Years war |
| The basic economic and political theory by which seventeenth- and eighteenth-century European powers governed their overseas colonies | mercantilism |
| The set of Parliamentary laws, first passed in 1650, that restricted colonial trade and directed it to the benefit of Britain | Navigation Laws |
| The term for products, such as tobacco, that could by shipped only to England and not to foreign markets | enumerated |
| Hated British court in which juries were not allowed and defendants were assumed guilty until proven innocent | admiralty courts |
| British governmental theory that Parliament spoke for all British subject, including Americans, even if they did not vote for its members | virtual representation |
| The effective form of organized colonial resistance against the Stamp Act, which made homespun clothing fashionable | nonimportation agreements |
| The product taxed under the Townshend Acts that generated the greatest colonial resistance | tea |
| Underground networks of communication and propaganda, established by Samuel Adams, that sustained colonial resistance | committees of correspondence |
| Religion that was granted toleration in the trans-Allegheny west by the Quebec Act, arousing deep colonial hostility | Roman Catholicism |
| British political party opposed to Lord North's Tories and generally more sympathetic to the colonial cause | Whigs |
| German mercenaries hired by George III to fight the American revolutionaries | Hessians |
| Paper currency authorized by Congress to finance the Revolution that depreciated to near worthlessness | continental |
| Effective organization that created the First Continental Congress to provide a total, unified boycott of all British goods | The Association |
| Rapidly mobilized colonial militiamen whose refusal to disperse sparked the firs battle of the Revolution | minute men |
| Popular term for British regular troops, scorned as "lobster backs" and "bloody backs" by Bostonians and other colonists | Red Coats |
Created by:
nomad95
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