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Astronomy Brock
Second Mid-term Astronomy for Brock University Students Year 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Moon’s orbit is tipped at relative degree to the Earth’s orbital plane? | 5 Degrees |
| How long is the Moon above/below the Earth’s orbital | about half the month |
| The points where the Moon passes through the Earth’s orbital plane are called | nodes |
| At the part of the Earth’s orbit where the line of Nodes points towards the Sun what eclipses are possible? | solar eclipse and lunar eclipse |
| Eclipses occur in pairs with the solar eclipse followed approximately how many days later by a lunar eclipse, or vice-versa? | 14 days |
| The Moon’s orbit keeps nearly the same direction what happens to the nodes? | the line of nodes keeps nearly the same direction |
| As a result how many times a year does the line of nodes passes through the Sun? | Twice |
| The motions of the heavens were studied as a form of what? | worship, divination and kept track of the seasons |
| What famous buildings have some form of astrological alignments? | Ring Stones in Sahara, Stonehenge, Egyptian Pyramids, Aztec Pyramids and Temples |
| What did Thales of Miletus say about the Universe? | The universe is rational and the human mind can understand it |
| What did Pythagoras say? | Many things in nature are governed by mathematical relations |
| What did Aristotle say about the universe? | The earth is stationary; everything else moves around it |
| Aristarchus of Samos proposition? | Proposed that the earth rotated on its axis and moves around the sun (heliocentric model) The sun is also farther away from the Earth than the moon |
| Aristarchus was able to deduce what observation? | The sun is 20x larger than the moon, Earth is only 3x the size of the moon, the sun must be bigger thus we rotate around the sun |
| Why was the heliocentric idea rejected? | Contrary to the geocentric view of Aristotle, and there was no stellar parallax (change in position of an object caused by the change in position of the observer) was detected |
| Eratosthenes was the first to determine what? | determined the radius of the earth |
| What is Prograde motion? | planets move eastward relative to the stars |
| What is Retrograde motion? | stars appear to move opposite direction |
| What was the problem with the geocentric view? | couldn't fit observed motions of prograde and retrograde motions; created epicycles lasting 1300 years |
| What other objections lay in the heliocentric model? | earth would lose moon (no sense of gravity at this time), No stellar parallax, Ptolemaic tables better at predicting the positions of the planets |
| Why was Ptolemanic tables better at predicting planet positions? | planetary orbits are not perfect circles and the sun is not quite at the centre; tables consistently revised because they were wrong |
| What was Tycho Brahe known for? | greatest naked eye observer in history of astronomy; used mural quadrant to measure angles to within .5 minute of arc (1 min of arc is 1/60 degree) |
| What happened when the mural quadrant was used? | results averaged together to eliminate errors, gained accurate data on planetary orbits |
| What was Keplers three laws? | Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse, the orbital speed of a planet varies; a line joining the sun and the planet sweeps over equal areas in equal times, orbital period is related to its orbit size |
| What was Keplers third law formulated from? | formulated by Newton .. used to measure masses of planets, satellites, stars, black holes, etc... |
| Who was Galileo? | creator of the modern scientific method |
| What did Galileo build? | telescope in 1609 (apparatus) |
| What was Galileo's important observations? | Venus shows all phases (contrary to Ptolemaic model), found mountains and craters on moon, found 4 of Jupiters satellites, milky way had many stars |
| What other observations did Galileo make? | Stars much greater distance than planets, and found sunspots;concluded sun must be spinning |
| What did Isaac Newton discover? | gravity and motion laws |
| What was Newton's law of motion? | to change the speed of an object or the direction of its motion a net total force is needed |
| What formula did Newton use? | a (acceleration)= v2/r (velocity squared divided by radius) |
Created by:
steviewonder04
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